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Abstract

This study aims to explore various key factors influencing the academic performance of college students, including metacognitive awareness, learning motivation, participation in learning, environmental factors, time management, and mental health. By employing the chi-square test to identify features closely related to academic performance, this paper discussed the main influencing factors and utilized machine learning models (such as LOG, SVC, RFC, XGBoost) for prediction. Experimental results indicate that the XGBoost model performs the best in terms of recall and accuracy, providing a robust prediction for academic performance. Empirical analysis reveals that metacognitive awareness, learning motivation, and participation in learning are crucial factors influencing academic performance. Additionally, time management, environmental factors, and mental health are confirmed to have a significant impact on students' academic achievements. Furthermore, the positive influence of professional training on academic performance is validated, contributing to the integration of theoretical knowledge and practical application, enhancing students' overall comprehensive competence. The conclusions offer guidance for future educational management and guidance, emphasizing the importance of cultivating students' learning motivation, improving participation in learning, and addressing time management and mental health issues, as well as recognizing the positive role of professional training.

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Article Details

Title:
Machine learning analysis of factors affecting college students' academic performance.

Author(s):
Lu J; Liu Y; Liu S; Yan Z; Zhao X; Zhang Y; Yang C; Zhang H; Su W; Zhao P

Summary:
This study looks at what affects how well college students do in school. It found that things like being aware of how you learn, wanting to learn, joining in learning activities, managing time, and feeling good mentally are important. They also found that good training helps students learn better.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39764083 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This research investigates the influence of passion on DanceSport engagement (DSE) among university students specializing in DanceSport, along with the mediating function of DanceSport partnership (DSP).

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Article Details

Title:
Effect of passion on the athlete engagement of college students specializing in DanceSport: the mediating role of the DanceSport partnership.

Author(s):
Ziyou H; Yuxin Y; Xiaofen L

Summary:
The study looks at how much university students who love DanceSport get involved in it. It also examines how working together with a partner affects their involvement.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39764082 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Sense of body ownership has been studied using rubber hand illusion (RHI) and full-body illusion (FBI). It has recently become clear that consciously interpreting a fake body as one's own in a top-down manner influences these body illusions. Furthermore, a study interestingly found that the influence of top-down interpretation was moderated by the degree of depersonalization, which was a symptom of a lack of sense of body ownership. In a case study on depersonalization, the top-down interpretation of one's body was suggested to be a negative physical state that made it difficult to feel a sense of body ownership. However, this has not been examined. We examined the influence of negative top-down interpretation using an FBI procedure. A fake body was instructed to be viewed as a negative self-body ("view the virtual body's back while regarding the virtual body as your own experiencing abdominal pain"). To examine the influence of a negative top-down interpretation, participants were instructed to interpret the body as their own (neutral self-body) as a control condition. We used skin conductance responses to a fearful stimulus presented after an illusion procedure to measure the degree of FBI experienced. Results indicated a significant difference in the skin conductance response between the synchronous and asynchronous presentation of visual-tactile stimuli in the control condition, which confirmed the occurrence of the illusion. However, the occurrence of the illusion was not confirmed when the participants were instructed to interpret the virtual body as their own in a negative physical state, and the degree of FBI was smaller than the control condition. Our finding that an FBI was inhibited by manipulation of the top-down interpretation suggested that it could be a factor that inhibited the creation of a sense of body ownership.

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Article Details

Title:
The manipulation of top-down interpretation as one's symptomatic body reduces the sense of body ownership.

Author(s):
Yamamoto K; Nakao T

Summary:
This study looked at how people feel about their bodies using a fake body trick. They found that when people thought about the fake body in a negative way, like feeling pain, it made it harder for them to feel like the fake body was their own. This shows that how we think about our bodies can change how we feel about them.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39764081 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Effective decision-making in ball games requires the ability to convert positional information from a first-person perspective into a bird's-eye view. To address this need, we developed a virtual reality (VR)-based training system designed to enhance spatial cognition.

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Article Details

Title:
Training system for converting current visual information to bird's-eye view.

Author(s):
Sumi K; Okuyama R

Summary:
To make good decisions in ball games, players need to see where everyone is on the field, almost like a bird flying above. Scientists made a special virtual reality game to help people practice and get better at this.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39764080 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Companies have to undergo many change processes to succeed in the transforming economy. However, many change processes fail because employees are insufficiently accompanied through the process in a targeted manner. This study of N = 427 employees from a steel industry company undergoing a transformation process examines whether the organizational readiness for change (ORC) of highly affected employees can be classified into profiles, how these profiles can be predicted by various antecedents, and whether outcome variables such as job satisfaction can be explained by profile membership. Based on five facets of ORC (i.e., individual valence and positive affect), a total of six ORC profiles were identified: , , , , and . Employees' optimism and the degree of perceived interpersonal and informational fairness can predict profile membership. It was shown that profiles significantly differ in relevant outcome variables satisfaction and intention to leave. These results contribute to the basic understanding of ORC and provide an initial approach for improving ORC profiles which could increase the success rate of change processes in companies.

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Article Details

Title:
A typology of organizational readiness for change based on a latent profile analysis.

Author(s):
Köhler A; Ritter M; Kauffeld S

Summary:
This study looked at how workers in a steel company feel about changes at work. It found six different groups of feelings, and these feelings affect how happy they are at their job. Things like fairness and optimism can tell which group someone belongs to, and understanding this can help companies make changes more successfully.

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pubmed id: 39764079 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

If "theory of mind" is conceived as reasoning in a strict sense, then it can be said to be useful only at certain times; however, this leaves the rest of social cognition hardly comprehensible. If "theory of mind" is used instead to refer to a mentalist ontology and the consequent awareness that we ourselves and the others function on mental states, then we need new approaches that explain the flow of social experience. To illustrate these points, we outline the general conceptual framework that underlies most empirical studies of theory of mind and discuss their pros and cons; then, we discuss the Theory of Mind Assessment Scale, a tool developed to investigate the complexity of theory of mind, which adopts a different perspective and has been successfully tested on numerous populations.

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Article Details

Title:
What are they all doing in that restaurant? Perspectives on the use of theory of mind.

Author(s):
Gabbatore I; Bosco FM; Tirassa M

Summary:
The paper talks about how we understand others' thoughts and feelings, called the "theory of mind." It discusses different ways to study this and introduces a new tool to better understand how people think and feel, which has worked well with different groups of people.

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pubmed id: 39764078 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study explores the influence of religious beliefs on environmental attitudes and behaviors in China. Using data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), two structural equation models were constructed to examine the mediating roles of natural empathy and anthropocentrism in the relationship between environmental awareness and willingness to make sacrifices for environmental protection. The results indicated that while environmental awareness positively influenced willingness to sacrifice, natural empathy did not significantly mediate this relationship. Conversely, anthropocentrism negatively mediated the relationship, suggesting that individuals with anthropocentric tendencies were less willing to make personal sacrifices for environmental protection. Furthermore, a multi-group analysis revealed that individuals with traditional Eastern religious beliefs (Buddhism, Taoism, and folklore) exhibited higher environmental awareness and willingness to sacrifice compared to those with no religion or traditional Western (Christianity) religious beliefs. These findings highlight the influence of religious traditions, particularly the emphasis on nature reverence in Eastern religions, on shaping pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. The study contributes to understanding the complex interplay between religious beliefs, environmental values, and sustainable behaviors in the Chinese context.

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Article Details

Title:
The environmental impact of religious beliefs in the East and West: evidence from China.

Author(s):
Yang J; Lu C

Summary:
This study looked at how religious beliefs affect people's thoughts and actions about the environment in China. It found that people with Eastern religious beliefs, like Buddhism and Taoism, care more about the environment and are more willing to help protect it than people with no religion or Western religious beliefs. The study showed that how people view their connection to nature can influence how much they try to help the environment.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39764077 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Over the past few decades, psychotherapy research was dominated by testing the efficacy of "brand name" therapeutic techniques and models. Another line of research however, suggests that common factors, such as the therapeutic alliance and empathy, might play a greater role in effective therapy than specific therapeutic techniques and models. Routine process monitoring (RPM), focusing on common factors, has emerged as a promising approach to enhance therapy outcomes. This ongoing feedback loop aims to improve the therapeutic alliance and to address countertransference issues, potentially leading to better therapy outcomes.

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Article Details

Title:
The additional value of self-reflection and feedback on therapy outcome: a pilot study.

Author(s):
Kamp D; Blanker C; Hafkenscheid A; van Os J

Summary:
Some scientists studied how different therapy techniques work, but found that things like being nice and understanding might help more than specific methods. They think checking on these things during therapy could make it work better.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39764076 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Organizational Citizenship Behavior has evolved as a pivotal concept in organizational behavior because of its importance on fostering the success of organizations. Despite its recognized benefits, OCB's dimensions are not consensual in literature. The goal of this paper was to adapt and validated to be used in a broader work context an OCB scale (CCOE-R) initially developed for the Portuguese specific professional context, schools and the education sector.

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Article Details

Title:
Organizational citizenship behavior: adaptation and validation of the OCB scale CCOE-R.

Author(s):
Neves PC; Palma-Moreira A; Andrade C; Au-Yong-Oliveira M

Summary:
This paper talks about a special behavior called Organizational Citizenship Behavior that helps organizations do better. The paper tried to change a tool made for schools in Portugal so it can be used in more places to study this behavior.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39764075 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study aimed to compare the effects of structured sports games (SG) and psychomotricity activities (PCM) on the locomotor, stability, and manipulative motor competencies of preschool children.

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Article Details

Title:
Can motor competence be influenced by the type of training interventions preschool children are exposed to? A randomized experimental study comparing sports games and psychomotricity activities.

Author(s):
Guo X; Li C; Zhang Z; Silva AF; Clemente FM

Summary:
This study looked at how playing structured sports games and doing psychomotricity activities can help preschool children improve their movement skills, balance, and ability to handle objects.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39764074 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study examines the relationship between social networking sites addiction and pro-social behavior, considering the increasing importance of social networking sites in daily life. It explores the mediating role of Fear of Missing Out in this relationship and investigates the moderating role of basic psychological need satisfaction.

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Article Details

Title:
Effect of SNS addiction on prosocial behavior: mediation effect of fear of missing out.

Author(s):
Xu M; Liu D; Yan J

Summary:
This study looks at how being addicted to social networking sites affects being nice and helpful to others. It also checks if feeling afraid of missing out plays a part in this and how feeling good about yourself can change things.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39764073 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study investigates the impact of active learning instruction on the motivational orientation of pre-service language teachers. The data were collected by using the AGQ-R and the StRIP questionnaire, and analyzed through repeated measures of MANOVAs and correlation coefficient. Pre-service language teachers reported a higher approach goal orientation emphasizing the desire to succeed rather than avoidance goal orientation, i.e., the fear of failure. In terms of classroom practices, the participants report having experienced all types of instruction (passive, active, interactive and constructive) in the language education program. Although the pre-service teachers' perception of instruction as passive is preponderant in this study, it does not necessarily point to a higher use of traditional passive lecture and note taking practices. Regardless of the perceived instruction type, the participants' motivation and engagement remain high, as they report high cognitive and emotional engagement, as well as very high participation and low distraction levels. Regarding correlations, motivation, engagement and active instruction are all highly correlated with each other, as highly motivated and engaged individuals tend to benefit more from active instruction than less motivated students, who chiefly rely on passive instruction for academic success. The results of the study may indicate an emergent need for a careful balance between various teaching strategies and approaches in language education programs in particular, and possibly at tertiary level pedagogy in general.

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Article Details

Title:
Motivational orientation and perception of active learning instruction by pre-service language teachers.

Author(s):
Halimi F; Tryzna M; Brunstein A

Summary:
The study looked at how active learning affects future language teachers' motivation. It found that these teachers want to succeed more than they fear failing and are very motivated and engaged in class. The study suggests that mixing different teaching styles might be important for learning language well.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39764071 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In stressful times, people often listen to "coping songs" that help them reach emotional well-being goals. This paper is a first attempt to map the connection between an individual's well-being goals and their chosen coping song.

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Article Details

Title:
Lyrics do matter: how "coping songs" relate to well-being goals. The COVID pandemic case.

Author(s):
Levy A; Granot R; Peres R

Summary:
When people feel upset, they listen to special songs that make them feel better. This research tries to understand how these songs help people reach their happiness goals.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39764070 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Incorporating scratch-cooked, organic, and locally grown foods into school meal programs can enhance meal quality and support local food systems.

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Article Details

Title:
Factors and Outcomes Associated With Using Scratch-Cooked, Organic, and Locally Grown Foods in School Meals in California.

Author(s):
Zuercher MD; Orta-Aleman D; French CD; Cohen JFW; Hecht CA; Hecht K; Chapman LE; Read M; Ohri-Vachaspati P; Schwartz MB; Patel AI; Ritchie LD; Gosliner W

Summary:
Bringing freshly made, organic, and local foods into school meals can make them healthier and help local farmers.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39763015 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Maintaining consistent item difficulty across test forms is crucial for accurately and fairly classifying examinees into pass or fail categories. This article presents a practical procedure for classifying items based on difficulty levels using functional data analysis (FDA). Methodologically, we clustered item characteristic curves (ICCs) into difficulty groups by analyzing their functional principal components (FPCs) and then employed a neural network to predict difficulty for ICCs. Given the degree of similarity between many ICCs, categorizing items by difficulty can be challenging. The strength of this method lies in its ability to provide an empirical and consistent process for item classification, as opposed to relying solely on visual inspection. The findings reveal that most discrepancies between visual classification and FDA results differed by only one adjacent difficulty level. Approximately 67% of these discrepancies involved items in the medium to hard range being categorized into higher difficulty levels by FDA, while the remaining third involved to items being classified into lower levels. The neural network, trained on these data, achieved an accuracy of 79.6%, with misclassifications also differing by only one adjacent difficulty level compared to FDA clustering. The method demonstrates an efficient and practical procedure for classifying test items, especially beneficial in testing programs where smaller volumes of examinees tested at various times throughout the year.

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Article Details

Title:
Item Classification by Difficulty Using Functional Principal Component Clustering and Neural Networks.

Author(s):
Zoucha J; Himelfarb I; Tang NE

Summary:
The study talks about a new way to sort test questions by how hard they are. They used computers to group questions into easy, medium, and hard, and found that this way works better than just guessing by looking. They also used a computer program that guessed correctly about 80% of the time.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759539 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) is applied routinely in developing educational and psychological assessment tools, for instance, for exploring multidimensional structures of items using exploratory MIRT. A critical decision in exploratory MIRT analyses is the number of factors to retain. Unfortunately, the comparative properties of statistical methods and innovative Machine Learning (ML) methods for factor retention in exploratory MIRT analyses are still not clear. This study aims to fill this gap by comparing a selection of statistical and ML methods, including Kaiser Criterion (KC), Empirical Kaiser Criterion (EKC), Parallel Analysis (PA), scree plot (OC and AF), Very Simple Structure (VSS; C1 and C2), Minimum Average Partial (MAP), Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA), Random Forest (RF), Histogram-based Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (HistGBDT), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The comparison was performed using 720,000 dichotomous response data sets simulated by the MIRT, for various between-item and within-item structures and considering characteristics of large-scale assessments. The results show that MAP, RF, HistGBDT, XGBoost, and ANN tremendously outperform other methods. Among them, HistGBDT generally performs better than other methods. Furthermore, including statistical methods' results as training features improves ML methods' performance. The methods' correct-factoring proportions decrease with an increase in missingness or a decrease in sample size. KC, PA, EKC, and scree plot (OC) are over-factoring, while EGA, scree plot (AF), and VSS (C1) are under-factoring. We recommend that practitioners use both MAP and HistGBDT to determine the number of factors when applying exploratory MIRT.

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Article Details

Title:
Factor Retention in Exploratory Multidimensional Item Response Theory.

Author(s):
Chen C; D'hondt R; Vens C; Van den Noortgate W

Summary:
Scientists studied different ways to decide how many things to look at when figuring out tests for school and psychology. They found that some newer computer methods worked better than older ones, especially one called HistGBDT. They suggest using both an older method called MAP and HistGBDT together for the best results.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759538 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study examines the performance of ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI and widely used as an AI-based conversational tool, as a data analysis tool through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). To this end, simulated data were generated under various data conditions, including normal distribution, response category, sample size, test length, factor loading, and measurement models. The generated data were analyzed using ChatGPT-4o twice with a 1-week interval under the same prompt, and the results were compared with those obtained using R code. In data analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value, total variance explained, and the number of factors estimated using the empirical Kaiser criterion, Hull method, and Kaiser-Guttman criterion, as well as factor loadings, were calculated. The findings obtained from ChatGPT at two different times were found to be consistent with those obtained using R. Overall, ChatGPT demonstrated good performance for steps that require only computational decisions without involving researcher judgment or theoretical evaluation (such as KMO, total variance explained, and factor loadings). However, for multidimensional structures, although the estimated number of factors was consistent across analyses, biases were observed, suggesting that researchers should exercise caution in such decisions.

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Article Details

Title:
Examination of ChatGPT's Performance as a Data Analysis Tool.

Author(s):
Koçak D

Summary:
This study looked at how well ChatGPT can help with data analysis. The researchers found that ChatGPT did a good job with many tasks, like checking how much of the data could be explained. However, in some complex parts, like deciding the number of factors, it didn't always match up perfectly with other methods.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759537 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Attentional engagement, the ability to maintain focus on relevant tasks, plays a crucial role in optimizing human performance. Studies have shown that athletes exhibit superior attentional engagement compared to non-athletes; however, it remains unclear if these benefits persist in non-sport-related tasks or differ across types of sports expertise, such as open-skill versus closed-skill sports.

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Article Details

Title:
Motor skill experience modulates attentional processing regardless of open- or closed-skill types: an ERP study.

Author(s):
Aly M; Alzahrani T; Fakehy M; Abass M; Mohamed S

Summary:
Being able to focus is very important for doing well. Athletes are usually better at focusing than people who don't play sports, but we don't know if they are just as good at focusing during other activities or if it depends on the type of sport they play.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759420 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

China has a significant population of left-behind children, defined as those whose parents have migrated away from their home for at least six months. This situation arises when one or both parents leave to seek work in urban areas. Among the various challenges faced by left-behind children, social anxiety has emerged as one of the most pressing issues.

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Article Details

Title:
The effects of interactive video games combined with LEGO game therapy on social anxiety in rural left-behind children.

Author(s):
Peng D; Wu X; Yang Y; Li X; Shu A; Liang J; Tu Z; Liu L; Yang Q; Dong W; Lu C

Summary:
China has many left-behind children, whose parents move away for work. These children often feel social anxiety because of this situation.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759419 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study proposes an emotion correlation-enhanced sentiment analysis model (ECO-SAM), a sentiment correlation modeling-based multi-label sentiment analysis model.

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Article Details

Title:
A multi-label text sentiment analysis model based on sentiment correlation modeling.

Author(s):
Ni Y; Ni W

Summary:
The study talks about a new way to understand how emotions are connected to figure out feelings in text. They made a model called ECO-SAM that helps do this better.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759418 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

With the significant increase in the number of social media users, the degree of cyberbullying has also increased in a directly proportional manner. Cyberbullying manifests itself in the commission of psychological abuses, teenagers being the most vulnerable.

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Article Details

Title:
Analyzing the cyberbullying phenomenon on social media from the perspective of students.

Author(s):
Bularca MC; Cristescu S; Netedu A; Coman C

Summary:
As more people use social media, cyberbullying is happening more often too. This type of bullying mostly hurts teenagers by doing them emotional harm.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759417 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The use of technologies through social networks is a common practice among adolescents who use it to communicate. However, the lack of control and supervision of these media means that they disseminate any type of information, including sexual content.

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Article Details

Title:
Validation and adaptation of the diffusion of intimate images among adolescents (EDIMA) scale in adolescents from Peru.

Author(s):
Figueroa-Quiñones J; Ipanaqué-Zapata M; Rivera-Lozada O; Villalobos-Quiroz CG; Vilcabana-Burgos AG; Valle-Chafloque IS

Summary:
Many kids use social media to talk to each other. But, without parents watching over them, they might see or share things that aren't okay, like sexual stuff.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759416 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Cancer and its treatments significantly affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients. This remains understudied among Vietnamese women with cancer.

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Article Details

Title:
Factors influencing the quality of life among women with cancer in Vietnam.

Author(s):
Nguyen HTH; Giap TTT; Tran TN; Nguyen AC; Truong TQ; Bui LK; Tran Quang D; Anderson DJ

Summary:
Cancer and its treatments can make people feel very sick and unhappy. Scientists have not studied enough about how this affects Vietnamese women with cancer.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759415 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Research analyzing the effects of bilingual language exposure on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased in frequency. Utilizing the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition, the current study analyzed the effects of bilingual language exposure and age on language development, cognitive development, and social emotional development in toddlers with ASD. Older children demonstrated higher language scores than younger children. The interaction between ASD and bilingualism did not yield statistical significance for language, cognitive, or social emotional scores; however, the interaction between age and bilingualism was found to be significant. Age may have more of an influence on language development than ASD. Children with ASD can be raised in bilingual homes without affecting long-term development.

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Article Details

Title:
Effects of bilingual language exposure on toddlers with autism spectrum disorder.

Author(s):
Phillips S; Yanchik A; Jung H; Vietze P; Lax LE

Summary:
The study looked at how learning two languages affects toddlers with autism. It found that older kids did better with language. Being bilingual does not hurt these kids' development as they grow up.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759414 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Real-world decisions often involve partial ambiguity, where the complete picture of potential risks is unclear. In such situations, individuals must make choices by balancing the value of available information against the uncertainty of unknown risks. Our study investigates this challenge by examining how people navigate the trade-off between the favorability of limited evidence and the degree of ambiguity when making decisions under partial ambiguity. Participants ( = 77) engaged in a task where the level of ambiguity (small, medium, and large) and the favorability of the evidence (asymmetrically positive, neutral, and asymmetrically negative) were manipulated in a 3 × 3 design. We measured their attitude of ambiguity in each condition. The key finding reveals a bias in how participants perceived the unknown. They reacted to the unknown differently depending on the initial clues, filling in the missing information in a way that contradicted the evidence. When faced with positive evidence, participants were less tolerant of ambiguity than negative evidence. This means people were more careful when they received good news but less cautious when they received bad news. This bias was particularly pronounced when the ambiguity was low.

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Article Details

Title:
Uncertain choices with asymmetric information: how clear evidence and ambiguity interact?

Author(s):
Tehrani-Safa AH; Sarabi-Jamab A; Vahabie AH; Araabi BN

Summary:
The study looks at how people make decisions when they don't have all the information and things are unclear. Researchers found that people responded differently to unknown things based on what they first learned. They were more cautious when the news was good and less careful when the news was bad, especially when there wasn't much unknown.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759413 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Adolescence is a critical period for developing and maintaining good habits for mental health and well-being. This is crucial for future mental health; as most mental health problems emerge during adolescence. Mental health literacy forms the foundation for preventing mental health issues, reducing stigma, and enhancing the effectiveness of help-seeking, particularly among adolescents.

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Article Details

Title:
The effect of educational intervention based on social media on mental health literacy of high school students in Ramhormoz city: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

Author(s):
Nazari A; Askari A; Rahimi Foroushani A; Garmaroudi G

Summary:
Being a teenager is an important time to learn good habits for mental health. Most mental health problems start when people are teenagers. Knowing about mental health helps teenagers prevent problems, feel less ashamed, and get better help when needed.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759412 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of math anxiety in Russian and Chinese schoolchildren across genders and ages. The Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) was used as a measurement tool for assessing math anxiety. The factor structure of the AMAS and item invariance between Russian and Chinese schoolchildren were also examined. A total of 4,292 Russian (54% girls,  = 13.7, SD = 1.21) and 3,410 Chinese (48% girls,  = 12.7, SD = 1.21, Me = 13.0) schoolchildren participated in the study. The bi-factor model of the AMAS fits provided the best fit for the data in both countries. AMAS items demonstrated invariance between the two groups. Overall, Russian schoolchildren demonstrated higher math anxiety across all ages and math anxiety subscales, except at ages 14-15, where Chinese schoolchildren reported higher learning-related math anxiety. Among Chinese schoolchildren, both learning and evaluation math anxiety increased with age. Conversely, for Russian schoolchildren, math evaluation anxiety increased, while learning math anxiety decreased with age. Gender differences were observed in both countries, with the onset of gender-related differences appearing earlier in Chinese schoolchildren.

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Article Details

Title:
Psychometric properties of AMAS and math anxiety prevalence among Chinese and Russian schoolchildren: a comparative study.

Author(s):
Linna D; Xinghua W; Haiying Y; Pavlova A; Ismatullina V; Malykh A; Kolyasnikov P; Malykh S

Summary:
This study looked at how math anxiety affects kids in Russia and China, checking for differences in age and gender. Russian schoolchildren generally had more math anxiety except for some ages where Chinese kids had more. In both countries, boys and girls showed differences in math anxiety, with these differences starting earlier in Chinese schoolchildren.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759411 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The level of self-esteem in adolescents appears to be contingent upon their satisfaction across various domains of life, exerting a notable influence on their mental wellbeing. The purposes of this study were to further validate the influence of resilience and positive coping strategy on their self-esteem and to explore the mediating effect of positive coping strategy in the relationship between resilience and self-esteem.

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Article Details

Title:
Resilience promotes self-esteem in children and adolescents with hearing impairment: the mediating role of positive coping strategy.

Author(s):
Qi L; Zhang H; Nie R; Du Y

Summary:
This study looks at how teenagers feel about themselves. It checks if being strong inside and having good ways to handle problems help them feel better. It also sees how these good ways might make being strong inside more helpful for feeling good about themselves.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759409 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) in developing and generalizing requesting skills among children with multiple disabilities. The study was conducted at The Autism Center of Excellence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This study included three participants age ranged from 4.5 to 6.5 years with intelligence quotient (IQ) scores ranging from 40 to 44. All participants were inrolled in Inclusive Education program. A training program based on PECS was implemented, and data collection involved recording participant responses and observations by external observers. The study followed an experimental approach, specifically utilizing Single-Subject Design (SSD) with a focus on Multi-Baseline Designs (MBD). The results of the study indicated that PECS facilitated the development of requesting skills in children with multiple disabilities, promoting skill retention and generalization across similar situations.

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Article Details

Title:
Effectiveness of picture exchange communication system in developing requesting skills for children with multiple disabilities.

Author(s):
Alfuraih RK; Almalki NS; AlNemary FM

Summary:
The study tested a communication system called PECS to help kids with multiple disabilities ask for things. The tests were done with three kids in Saudi Arabia. The system helped the kids learn and remember how to ask for things in different situations.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39759407 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The cerebellum plays a crucial role in functions, including sensory-motor coordination, cognition, and emotional processing. Compared to the neocortex, the human cerebellum exhibits a protracted developmental trajectory. This delayed developmental timeline may lead to increased sensitivity of the cerebellum to external influences, potentially extending the vulnerability period for neurological disorders. Abnormal cerebellar development in individuals with autism has been confirmed, and these atypical cerebellar changes may affect the development of the neocortex. However, due to the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the regional changes in the cerebellum and cerebellocerebral structural relationship remain unknown. To address these issues, we utilized imaging methods optimized for the cerebellum and cerebrum on 817 individuals aged 5-18 years in the ABIDE II dataset. After FDR correction, significant differences between groups were found in the right crus II/VIIB and vermis VI-VII. Structural covariance analysis revealed enhanced structural covariance in individuals with autism between the cerebellum and parahippocampal gyrus, pars opercularis, and transverse temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere after FDR correction. Furthermore, the structural covariance between the cerebellum and some regions of the cerebrum varied across sexes. A significant increase in structural covariance between the cerebellum and specific subcortical structures was also observed in individuals with ASD. Our study found atypical patterns in the structural covariance between the cerebellum and cerebrum in individuals with autism, which suggested that the underlying pathological processes of ASD might concurrently affect these brain regions. This study provided insight into the potential of cerebellocerebral pathways as therapeutic targets for ASD.

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Article Details

Title:
Abnormalities in cerebellar subregions' volume and cerebellocerebral structural covariance in autism spectrum disorder.

Author(s):
Wang Y; Cao A; Wang J; Bai H; Liu T; Sun C; Li Z; Tang Y; Xu F; Liu S

Summary:
The study looked at how the brain's cerebellum develops and changes in people with autism. It found that certain parts of the brain in people with autism are different, which might help understand autism better and find new ways to help.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39749789 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) during adolescence are a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and long-lasting consequences. The knowledge of the barriers in providing psychosocial care can be a starting point for subsequent efficiency improvement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess which barriers do care providers experience while providing psychosocial care for adolescents with EBP.

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Article Details

Title:
Care providers' view of the barriers in providing care for adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems.

Author(s):
Paclikova K; Dankulincova Veselska Z; Madarasova Geckova A; Tavel P; Jansen DEMC; van Dijk JP; Reijneveld SA

Summary:
Many teenagers have emotional and behavioral problems, which can cause a lot of trouble later on. This study looks at what makes it hard for people who help these teenagers to do their jobs well. By knowing these difficulties, we can make things better for everyone.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39749280 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Relationship dynamics could be shaped by schemas, and relationship satisfaction could be depend on how couples perceive each other through these schemas. The main aim of this study was to assess how early maladaptive schemas are related to relationship satisfaction for both males and females in a relationship, by highlighting factors that contribute to relationship satisfaction, with a particular focus on the interaction of schemas between males and females.

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Article Details

Title:
The association between early maladaptive schemas and romantic relationship satisfaction.

Author(s):
Kover L; Szollosi GJ; Frecska E; Bugan A; Berecz R; Egerhazi A

Summary:
The study looked at how people's beliefs, called schemas, affect how happy they are in relationships. It wanted to find out how these beliefs make a difference for both boys and girls.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39749279 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

High mental health risks and life imbalance among postdoctoral fellows (postdocs) are persistent concerns in academia. However, little is known about the relationship between these two subjects and whether autonomy at work is linked to life balance among postdocs. Online survey responses from 117 postdocs (59% women; 49% non-Hispanic white) were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis to examine whether the work-method autonomy and perceived boundary control of postdocs were linked to life balance. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether postdocs who reported better life balance had lower risks of reporting mood disorder symptoms. We found that 39%, 27%, and 45% of postdocs reported anxiety, depressive, and anxiety-or-depressive disorder symptoms, respectively. Both work-method autonomy and perceived boundary control were positively associated with life balance [ = 0.40, 95% CI = [0.20-0.60]; = 0.50, 95% CI = [0.32-0.67], respectively]. Postdocs with greater life balance had decreased odds of reporting mood disorder symptoms [anxiety disorder symptoms: adjusted OR = 0.55, 95% CI = (0.37-0.82); depressive disorder symptoms: adjusted OR = 0.31, 95% CI = (0.18-0.55); anxiety-or-depressive disorder symptoms: adjusted OR = 0.42, 95% CI = (0.27-0.65)]. Postdocs' mental health appeared to be influenced by life balance, which may be enhanced by providing work-method autonomy and increasing perceived boundary control.

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Article Details

Title:
Examining the associations between mental health, life balance, work-method autonomy, and perceived boundary control among postdoctoral fellows.

Author(s):
Lo BK; Park IY; Choung D; McTernan M; Sibley E; Davison KK

Summary:
Many postdoctoral fellows have high mental health risks and don’t have a good life balance. The study found that having more control over their work and boundaries can help improve their life balance and reduce their chances of having anxiety or depression.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39749278 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to pilot an adapted version of an online relationships program with residents in treatment for alcohol and other drugs (AOD). The OurRelationship (OR) Program, which is based on Integrative Behavioral Couples Therapy, was piloted in a group-based format to determine whether residents' participation in the program would result in decreases in residents' destructive responses and increases in constructive responses to relationship conflict scenarios as well as reductions in negative affect experienced during these conflict scenarios. Residents ( = 104) across six residential facilities participated in the pilot over 4 weeks. Pre and post program completion, residents read three vignettes in which they were asked to imagine themselves as experiencing each of the three relationship conflicts with a romantic partner. After reading each vignette, residents completed assessments related to their constructive and destructive behavioral responses to each vignette as well as the degree to which they experienced negative affect. Pre-post comparisons across the three vignettes revealed residents reported reductions in destructive behavioral responses and anger (s -0.31 to -0.58) as well as increases in constructive responses (s 0.33-0.77). The findings provide preliminary evidence regarding the application of programs to address the relationship difficulties experienced by those in AOD treatment. Future research into control trials of the OR program within the AOD sector can help to establish the effectiveness of relationship programs in helping to address the relationship problems of this vulnerable population.

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Article Details

Title:
A group version of the OurRelationship program within residential substance use treatment: preliminary evidence for improving responses to romantic relationship conflict for those dealing with substance misuse.

Author(s):
Karantzas GC; Staiger PK; Romano DA; Curtis A; Bruscella C; Miller PG; Gruenert S; Toumbourou JW; Doss BD; Christensen A

Summary:
The study tried out a special program to help people in treatment for alcohol and other drugs do better in relationships. After using the program, people showed less anger and negative behavior and more positive behavior in relationship conflicts. This shows the program might help improve relationships for people in treatment, but more research is needed.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39749277 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

To conduct a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to the broader autism phenotype, the paper endeavors to delineate the key research directions and topics, document the current research trends, and furnish insightful analyses and novel perspectives to foster future advancements in the field, with the aid of CiteSpace and VOS viewer.

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Article Details

Title:
Spanning three decades: global research wave and future prospects of broader autism phenotype-a visual researches by CiteSpace and VOS viewer.

Author(s):
Qiao FQ; Li SN; Du TT; Cheng WM; Sun YY; Qiang X; Dong YJ; Wang L

Summary:
This paper looks at different studies about a topic called the broader autism phenotype. It uses special tools to show what scientists are currently focusing on and gives new ideas to help future research.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39749273 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The neural mechanism associated with impaired consciousness is not fully clear. We aim to explore the association between static and dynamic minimum spanning tree (MST) characteristics and neural mechanism underlying impaired consciousness.

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Article Details

Title:
Deciphering network dysregulations and temporo-spatial dynamics in disorders of consciousness: insights from minimum spanning tree analysis.

Author(s):
Dai Y; He Q; Wang S; Cao T; Chai X; Wang N; Dong Y; Wong P; He J; Duan F; Yang Y

Summary:
The study looks at how some parts of the brain work when people have trouble staying awake or aware. They are trying to find connections between brain activity and these problems.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39749272 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In the frame of the inner-outer (personal-social) dichotomy in theories of social or personality psychology, it is argued in this study that, as a new approach, it is reasonable to examine individual differences in tending to orient toward another outer facet, not just social, i.e., the surrounding socio-physical environment while defining the self-concept-first performing it at the level of place-scaled meaningful settings, thus, interpreting place identity in the context of identity orientations. The present research aimed to theoretically and methodologically support a new concept based on this approach: place identity orientation (PIO). For the latter purpose, the development process of the questionnaire measuring it, which was based on supplementing the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ-IV), was completed. In addition, the new construct was validated based on the relationships discussed in literature between place identity, connectedness with a larger-scaled environment, i.e., nature, and pro-environmental behavior (PEB), moreover, identity orientations and behavior. In our first scanning step of validating PIO, a partial mediation between PIO and PEB through nature connectedness was found among 1,281 adults. It suggests that the relative importance of the relationship with places in self-definition has a distinct role in addition to nature connectedness in behaving pro-environmentally. Limitations and future research directions (e.g., using PIO to examine people-environment fit in several settings) are also discussed.

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Article Details

Title:
Place identity in a personality psychological context: place identity orientation and its validating associations with nature connectedness and pro-environmental behavior.

Author(s):
Berze IZ; Dúll A

Summary:
The study looks at how people think about themselves and their connection to places, like parks or cities, not just other people. They made a new test called Place Identity Orientation to measure this idea. They found that people who feel more connected to places and nature tend to care more about the environment.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39749271 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The design of a Protocol for the Assessment of the development of pragmatic competences in early childhood (PDP-PI) and the preliminary data obtained in a comparative study in 3-5-year-old school children are presented.

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Article Details

Title:
Protocol for the assessment of the development of pragmatic competencies in early childhood (PDP-PI).

Author(s):
Junquera C; Zubiauz B

Summary:
A new way to check how young kids learn to use language was created. The first results were looked at by studying children aged 3 to 5 in different schools.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39749270 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The aim of the current study is to examine the association between life regret and well-being, through a systematic review.

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Article Details

Title:
The relationship between life regrets and well-being: a systematic review.

Author(s):
Rutledge JA; Williams JD; Barlow MA

Summary:
This study looks at how feeling regret about things in life might be connected to how happy people feel. Researchers checked many studies to see this connection.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39749269 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an emerging pathological condition among emerging adults, causing significant distress and hindering daily life functioning. The increasing prevalence of NSSI highlights its importance as a crucial area requiring clinical attention. To devise effective interventions for managing NSSI, it is important to identify the factors contributing to its onset and maintenance. Therefore, the current study aims to explore emotional and cognitive factors to provide a holistic understanding of NSSI in emerging adults in the Pakistani context. For this purpose, a qualitative study was conducted using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with  = 10 self-injurers (mean age: 22.2 years) recruited through purposive sampling. Participants had engaged in self-injury at least five times in the past year without suicidal intent. The arm was identified as the most common site for self-injury, with cutting being the most frequently used method. Data from the transcribed interviews were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. Three main themes-'emotional turbulence,' 'low distress tolerance,' and 'rumination'-and nine subthemes emerged, highlighting the emotional and cognitive factors contributing to the initiation and maintenance of NSSI. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the emotional and cognitive dimensions of NSSI in emerging Pakistani adults. These insights will aid in treatment planning and in selecting appropriate strategies for reducing and ultimately eradicating NSSI.

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Article Details

Title:
The emotional surge: in-depth qualitative exploration of rumination and emotional turbulence in non-suicidal self-injurers.

Author(s):
Khan S; Rehna T; Butt TA

Summary:
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a problem for young adults, making them feel upset and affecting their daily lives. This study looked at why people start and continue to hurt themselves by talking to 10 young people in Pakistan. The researchers found that strong emotions, having trouble dealing with stress, and overthinking are key reasons people harm themselves without wanting to die.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39749268 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

As a population at high risk for psychological distress, healthcare workers typically experience varying degrees of anxiety, depression, and burnout. Studies have found that depression and anxiety have a negative impact on the mental health domain of burnout in healthcare workers. However, little is known about the symptom-to-symptom interactions between these psychological outcomes. This study aims to elucidate the characteristics of depression, anxiety, and burnout networks among healthcare workers.

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Article Details

Title:
A network approach to understanding occupational psychological distress: linking depression, anxiety, and burnout among Chinese healthcare professionals.

Author(s):
Yang C; Chen Y; Wang X; Xu P; Song J; Yang L; Fu Y

Summary:
Healthcare workers often feel stressed, sad, and very tired. These feelings are connected, but we don't know exactly how. This study tries to understand more about these feelings in healthcare workers.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39744041 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In recent years, work engagement garnered significant attention from both the business community and academia. Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study investigates the mechanisms and boundary conditions through which conscientiousness influences work engagement. Through an empirical survey of 376 employees, the study found that, first, conscientiousness positively predicts employees' work engagement; second, presenteeism partially mediates the relationship between conscientiousness and work engagement; third, perceived organizational support (POS) negatively moderates the relationship between conscientiousness and presenteeism while positively moderating the relationship between presenteeism and work engagement; fourth, POS moderates the indirect effect of conscientiousness on work engagement via presenteeism, whereas the mediated relationship is weakened when employees exhibit a higher POS. These findings advance our theoretical and practical knowledge of how personality traits and situational factors jointly affect employees' work engagement, providing empirical data for a dialectical perspective on conscientious employees and enhancing their work engagement.

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Article Details

Title:
Do conscientious employees have a high level of work engagement? The roles of presenteeism and perceived organizational support.

Author(s):
Sun H; Wang S; Zhang W; Sun L

Summary:
The study looked at how being careful and organized (conscientiousness) helps people stay interested in their work. It found that being conscientious makes people more engaged at work, and things like showing up sick (presenteeism) and feeling supported by the company (POS) influence this relationship. Feeling supported can make the positive effects even stronger.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39744040 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Senior police officers' tactical gaze control and visual attention improve with an individual video-based police firearms training. To validate the efficacy of said intervention training, a previous experiment was systematically replicated with a sample of = 52 second-year police cadets. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention training that focused on situational awareness, tactical gaze control, and visual attention, or an active control training that addressed traditional marksmanship skills. In a pre- and post-test, they had to engage in dynamic shoot/don't shoot video scenarios in an indoor firing range. Overall, the previous findings were replicated: Baseline levels of performance were elevated, yet the intervention group significantly improved their response time and time until the first hit. False positive decision-making cannot be reported at all; false negatives were marginal in the pre-test and eliminated after training. Further, the outcomes of the previous sample of senior officers and the present sample of cadets are compared and lead to the conclusion that the presented approach is a valuable extension of current training standards for both senior police officers and police cadets.

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Article Details

Title:
Blended police firearms training improves performance in shoot/don't shoot scenarios: a systematic replication with police cadets.

Author(s):
Olma J; Sutter C; Sülzenbrück S

Summary:
A special kind of video training helps police officers and new cadets get better at noticing things and making quick decisions in tricky situations. In a study, cadets who did this training got faster at reacting and hitting targets. The training seems to help everyone, not just experienced officers.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39744039 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The present study examined the moderating effects of undergraduate collectivism in the relations between parents' acceptance/rejection and undergraduate adjustment to college in Chinese societies.

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Article Details

Title:
The relations between parents' acceptance/rejection and undergraduate adjustment to college: the moderating role of undergraduate collectivism.

Author(s):
Niu H; Liu J; Duan W; Li S

Summary:
This study looked at how a sense of belonging to a group (called collectivism) impacts how students manage in college when their parents either accept or reject them. It focused on students in Chinese communities.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39744038 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Arts therapies, encompassing art therapy, music therapy, drama therapy, and dance movement therapy with the broader practice of expressive arts therapies, have demonstrated positive outcomes in the treatment of neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders (NNDs). Integrating arts therapies into telehealth has become increasingly important to improve accessibility for people with mobility impairments or those living in remote areas. This study aims to map the existing body of literature to provide an in-depth overview of telehealth in arts therapies for individuals with NNDs.

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Article Details

Title:
Telehealth in arts therapies for neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders: a scoping review.

Author(s):
Reitere Ē; Duhovska J; Karkou V; Mārtinsone K

Summary:
Arts therapies like art, music, drama, and dance help people with brain and nerve problems feel better. This study looks at how we can use online tools to make these therapies easier for more people to access, especially those who can't travel easily.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39744037 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Anhedonia, including social, physical, and less-known, olfactory, stands as a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). At the neurobiological level, anhedonia has been associated with abnormal activity within the reward system, suggesting a key role for dopamine. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as an innovative treatment for alleviating depressive symptoms. Stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to both improve anhedonia and induce dopamine release. Moreover, research suggests that the efficacy of rTMS is improved when applied to an activated brain network rather than at rest. Our goal is to induce a dual activation of the reward system using a combined rTMS protocol and an intervention based on pleasant odorant exposure known to stimulate this system.

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Article Details

Title:
Combining pleasant Olfactory and BRAin stimulations in treatment-resistant depression (COBRA): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Author(s):
Imbert L; Neige C; Dumas M; Bensafi M; Mandairon N; Brunelin J

Summary:
This study looks at ways to help people with depression feel joy again. It uses a special brain treatment combined with smelling nice things to make the brain's reward system work better.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39744036 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Missing data in psychometric research presents a substantial challenge, impacting the reliability and validity of study outcomes. Various factors contribute to this issue, including participant non-response, dropout, or technical errors during data collection. Traditional methods like mean imputation or regression, commonly used to handle missing data, rely upon assumptions that may not hold on psychological data and can lead to distorted results.

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Article Details

Title:
Transformers deep learning models for missing data imputation: an application of the ReMasker model on a psychometric scale.

Author(s):
Casella M; Milano N; Dolce P; Marocco D

Summary:
Missing data in research can make study results less reliable and affect their accuracy. This can happen if people don't respond, quit the study, or if there are mistakes when collecting data. Common ways to fix missing data may not work well and can give results that are not true.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39744035 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased psychological distress. Transdiagnostic factors, including childhood trauma, maladaptive personality traits (MPTs), mentalizing, and emotion dysregulation are considered relevant to the development and maintenance of mental health problems. These factors probably play a significant role in individuals' reactions to pandemic-related distress (PR distress). The aim of this study is to examine the associations with these transdiagnostic factors in relation to PR distress and psychopathological symptoms.

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Article Details

Title:
Transdiagnostic mechanisms of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: associations of childhood trauma, maladaptive personality traits, emotion regulation, mentalizing, and pandemic-related distress.

Author(s):
Holl J; Berning A; Kling L; Taubner S; Georg AK; Volkert J

Summary:
The COVID-19 pandemic has made many people feel stressed and upset. This study looks at how things like childhood trauma, certain personality traits, and difficulty managing emotions might affect people's reactions to the pandemic.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39744034 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Implicit statistical learning is, by definition, learning that occurs without conscious awareness. However, measures that putatively assess implicit statistical learning often require explicit reflection, for example, deciding if a sequence is 'grammatical' or 'ungrammatical'. By contrast, 'processing-based' tasks can measure learning without requiring conscious reflection, by measuring processes that are facilitated by implicit statistical learning. For example, when multiple stimuli consistently co-occur, it is efficient to 'chunk' them into a single cognitive unit, thus reducing working memory demands. Previous research has shown that when sequences of phonemes can be chunked into 'words', participants are better able to recall these sequences than random ones. Here, in two experiments, we investigated whether serial visual recall could be used to effectively measure the learning of a more complex artificial grammar that is designed to emulate the between-word relationships found in language.

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Article Details

Title:
Assessing serial recall as a measure of artificial grammar learning.

Author(s):
Jenkins HE; de Graaf Y; Smith F; Riches N; Wilson B

Summary:
This research looks at how people can learn patterns without knowing it. They tested if seeing things in order helps people remember better, like how words form sentences. They did experiments to see if this helps us understand grammar and how words connect in language.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39744033 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Spontaneous movements are a crucial part of early motor development. Healthy term infants may produce up to 200 spontaneous touches to their body and surface in 10 minutes with their hands. The existing literature shows differences in early motor development between very preterm (<32 weeks gestation) and healthy term infants. It is not known whether the quantity of spontaneous touches differs between very preterm infants and healthy term infants.

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Article Details

Title:
Quantity of spontaneous touches to body and surface in very preterm and healthy term infants.

Author(s):
Stupperich S; Dathe AK; DiMercurio A; Connell JP; Baumann N; Jover M; Corbetta D; Jaekel J; Felderhoff-Mueser U; Huening B

Summary:
Babies move a lot on their own, and healthy babies might touch things or themselves with their hands up to 200 times in 10 minutes. There are differences in how very early born babies and full-term babies develop their movements, but we don't know if they touch things differently.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39744032 Indexed on February 9th, 2025