Article Feed - This Week in School Psychology

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Abstract

The cultural industry is pivotal in promoting sustainable economic development. This study aims to evaluate the economic efficiency of the cultural industry in Jiangsu Province by establishing a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and analyzing influencing factors using the Tobit model, all within the broader context of China's cultural industry.

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Article Details

Title:
An integrative study on the green cultural industry and its determinants in Jiangsu province, China under the cultural revitalization initiative: a global perspective.

Author(s):
Ding Y; Zhang R; Zou Y

Summary:
This research looks at how the cultural industry, like music and art, can help the economy grow in a good way. It studies how well this industry works in Jiangsu Province, China, using special math models to understand what makes it successful.

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pubmed id: 39606207 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In order to accurately measure the level of competency frustration and what measures to take to alleviate the negative effects of competency frustration, 35 graduate students were selected to verify the effect of the frontal lobe asymmetry (FAA) as a judgement of the competence frustration level using EEG experimental method. On this basis, through two stopwatch stopping experiments, 108 fire rescue personnel were selected to conduct the experiments to investigate the intervention effects of developmental feedback and compassion-focused therapy in turn. The results showed that frontal asymmetry could be used as an EEG indicator for judging competency frustration, and the intervention method of compassion-focused therapy reduced the level of competency frustration of the subjects, while developmental feedback interventions did the opposite. The difference in the effects of the two intervention methods indicates that when intervening in competence frustration, it is easier to reduce the competency frustration by focusing on the subjects themselves than focusing on the completion of the task.

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Title:
Research on intervention strategies for fire rescue personnel's competency frustration: EEG experimental validation.

Author(s):
Wang Y; Zhang R; Liu Y; Ren J; Zhang G

Summary:
Researchers studied how to help people when they feel they aren't good enough at something. They found that using special brain measurements, they could tell when someone felt this way. They tried two ways to help: one that was kind and caring worked better than one focused on improving skills.

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pubmed id: 39606201 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

As migrants holding temporary, foreign-resident status in their host communities, international students often experience prejudice and have little meaningful contact with locals. To date, a comprehensive account of international students' experience is lacking, and existing conceptualizations exclude linguistic threat as a potential source of increased prejudice and diminished contact. Therefore, our goal in this study (set in Quebec, Canada) was to explore local residents' attitudes toward and contact with international students in relation to five potential threats experienced by local residents, including cultural differences, competition over resources, intergroup anxiety, stereotypes, with linguistic threat added as a new, previously unexplored variable. We recruited 59 student and non-student local francophone residents as participants and examined their attitudes toward, perceptions of threat from, and the quality and quantity of contact with international students attending English-medium universities. Both student and non-student participants demonstrated positive attitudes toward and low levels of perceived threat from international students, except for linguistic threat. Compared to student participants, non-student participants reported significantly greater linguistic threat from international students and described contact with them that was both less frequent and lower in quality. Regression models accounted for 50-67% of variance in participants' attitudes, with symbolic threat to social values and belief systems emerging as the common significant predictor of attitudes for both groups. Adding linguistic threat did not improve regression models. Finally, only contact quality showed significant relationships with attitudes and perceived threat, where greater contact quality was associated with more favorable attitudes and reduced threat. We discuss implications of intergroup attitudes and contact for language planning and use in multilingual contexts.

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Title:
Local residents' attitudes toward and contact with international students: a perspective from Montreal, Quebec.

Author(s):
Tekin O; Trofimovich P

Summary:
International students in Quebec, Canada, sometimes face negative attitudes from local residents because of differences in language and culture. This study found that locals, especially non-students, felt more threatened by language differences with international students, even though they generally had positive attitudes towards them. Better quality interactions between locals and international students lead to more positive feelings and less perceived threat.

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pubmed id: 39606194 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Understanding how adults experience and regulate their emotions is strongly linked to attachment orientations. Numerous studies indicate emotional regulation difficulties in both attachment avoidance and anxiety. Additionally, emotional Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), such as the Late Positive Potential (LPP), reveal the process of emotional information at the cerebral level, and thus, LPP is commonly used in studies examining emotion regulation processes. For instance, when individuals are asked to use cognitive strategies to increase, maintain, or decrease their emotional responses to stimuli, changes in LPP amplitude can reflect the effectiveness of these regulation strategies. However, little is known about the potential moderating effect of the LPP during the implementation of emotional regulation strategies in the relationship between attachment dimensions and emotional dysregulation. To address this oversight, the purpose of the present study was to examine the association between both dimensions of attachment, anxiety and avoidance, and emotional dysregulation, as well as the moderating role of the LPP during the induced implementation of cognitive reappraisal.

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Title:
The moderating role of the late positive potential in the link between attachment anxiety and emotion regulation difficulties.

Author(s):
Ramos-Henderson M; Guzmán-González M; Bahamondes J; Domic-Siede M

Summary:
The study looks at how adults handle their emotions and how this is connected to their feelings of attachment to others. It uses brain activity measures to see how effective people are at controlling their emotions. The study's goal is to understand better how brain signals might influence emotional regulation, linked to feelings of attachment anxiety and avoidance.

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pubmed id: 39606193 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Each one of us is confronted with warnings of danger or threats to wellbeing in our everyday life, whether in the form of certain road signs, Public Service Announcements, ominous changes in bodily functioning, or cautionary tales heard from family or friends. There is great inter-individual variation in how people respond to such threats, with some people habitually tending to ignore or dismiss them, often to their peril. The first purpose of the present paper is to review several studies showing that individuals-most often men-who score very low on measures of trait anxiety are more likely to engage in behaviors that could jeopardize their physical wellbeing. The general hypothesis that is derived from that review is that when attention to everyday threats is chronically muted by way of a dispositional trait, the likelihood of proceeding down some dangerous path is increased. Those findings are then discussed within the broader context of personality theory to highlight the importance of recognizing the bipolarity of common traits. Here the case is made for replacing the term trait anxiety with the term threat sensitivity in order to capture the full breadth of this basic personality variable. A discussion of the neurobiological underpinnings of threat sensitivity is then presented with an emphasis on individual and sex differences in the workings of the defensive survival circuitry. Taken together, this paper has implications for two subfields within psychology. For the area of personality theory, this paper provides support for the adaptationist view with the argument that low threat sensitivity has both adaptive and maladaptive potential. For the area of health psychology, it is argued that some individuals who demonstrate a habitual tendency to neglect their physical wellbeing may be acting-at least in part-in accordance with their innate neurobiological constitution.

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Title:
The risks of unconcern: low sensitivity to threat can have unfortunate consequences.

Author(s):
Ristvedt SL

Summary:
Some people notice warnings and act carefully, while others ignore them, which might lead to getting hurt. This paper shows that people, often men, with low anxiety are more likely to do risky things. It also suggests changing the term "trait anxiety" to "threat sensitivity" and talks about how people's brains differ in responding to danger.

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pubmed id: 39606192 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Interaction dynamics provide information about how social interactions unfold over time and have implications for communication development. Characterizing social interaction in autistic people who are minimally verbal (MV) has the potential to illuminate mechanisms of change in communication development and intervention. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the current evidence characterizing interaction dynamics in MV autistic individuals, methods used to measure interaction dynamics in this population, and opportunities for future research. Articles were included if participants were diagnosed with autism, considered MV, if interaction occurred with a human communication partner during live in-person interaction, and if variables were derived by measuring the relationship between behaviors in both partners. The seven articles included in this review demonstrate that limited research describes interaction dynamics in this population, and that behavioral coding measures can be leveraged to assess constructs such as turn-taking, social contingency, and balance in social interactions. While there is some evidence describing how MV autistic individuals and their communication partners construct reciprocal interaction, there is variability in how interaction dynamics are measured and limited evidence describing individual differences. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

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Article Details

Title:
A scoping review of interaction dynamics in minimally verbal autistic individuals.

Author(s):
Boorom O; Liu T

Summary:
This research paper looks at how people with autism who speak very little communicate with others. It found that there aren't many studies about this and they use certain ways to measure things like taking turns when talking. More research is needed to understand this better.

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pubmed id: 39606190 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Water saving behavior is of substantial importance in climate change mitigation and resilience, including reducing time spent in the shower. However, water use is, for many, a strong habit, and, as such, incorporating new water saving behaviors into one's domestic routines may be unsuccessful. In this study, we consider the extent to which a composite behavior change intervention (of water-saving information, implementation intention formation, and monitoring using a shower timer) is effective in reducing the domestic water consumption of new university students who have recently moved into university accommodation. We focus on aspects of the habit discontinuity hypothesis, namely that a natural moment of change facilitates behavior change by weaking existing habits. The intervention was found to be effective, increasing the frequency of self-reported water-saving behavior over behavior measured in a control group. However, shower times, and water usage (measured at the residential level), were not affected by the intervention, and strength of existing habits, readiness to change water behavior, and recency of starting university were each not significantly associated with the effectiveness of the intervention. However, all participants (irrespective of intervention) increased water-saving behavior and reduced shower time during the study, with residential water usage being less for residences with more participating students. Contrary to expectations, the timing of the intervention did not show a clear effect upon the efficacy of the intervention. We discuss these findings with respect to moments of change and habit discontinuity theory as well as implications for practical behavior change interventions.

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Article Details

Title:
Encouraging water-saving behavior during a "Moment of Change": the efficacy of implementation intentions on water conservation during the transition to university.

Author(s):
Mitev K; Rennison F; Haggar P; Hafner R; Lowe A; Whitmarsh L

Summary:
This study looked at whether a plan to help students save water while showering would work. The students reported saving more water, but the plan didn’t make a big difference in how long they showered or how much water they used. Even so, students started saving more water on their own during the study.

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pubmed id: 39606189 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Healthy aging often entails a decline in cognitive and motor functions, affecting independence and quality of life in older adults. Brain stimulation shows potential to enhance these functions, but studies show variable effects. Previous studies have tried to identify responders and non-responders through correlations between behavioral change and baseline parameters, but results lack generalization to independent cohorts. We propose a method to predict an individual's likelihood of benefiting from stimulation, based on baseline performance of a sequential motor task. Our results show that individuals with less efficient learning mechanisms benefit from stimulation, while those with optimal learning strategies experience none or even detrimental effects. This differential effect, first identified in a public dataset and replicated here in an independent cohort, was linked to one's ability to integrate task-relevant information and not age. This study constitutes a further step towards personalized clinical-translational interventions based on brain stimulation.

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Article Details

Title:
Native learning ability and not age determines the effects of brain stimulation.

Author(s):
Maceira-Elvira P; Popa T; Schmid AC; Cadic-Melchior A; Müller H; Schaer R; Cohen LG; Hummel FC

Summary:
Brain stimulation can help older people with thinking and moving, but not everyone benefits in the same way. The study found that people who learn less efficiently can get better with brain stimulation, while those who learn well might not see improvement. The research suggests tailoring brain stimulation based on how someone learns rather than their age.

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pubmed id: 39604463 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Using register data and linked student-level sociometric survey data from the Netherlands, this study examines whether the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on schooling outcomes (track recommendation and track enrollment in the seventh and ninth grades) is conditional on students' academic and social embeddedness in the school setting. We estimated the counterfactual outcomes for the cohort that went through the school transition during the pandemic based on the outcomes of the pre-pandemic cohort, with similar earlier achievements, schools, and social backgrounds. Results show that the pandemic's effect on tracking outcomes is weaker than its effect on student test scores elsewhere reported. Nevertheless, the pandemic has had stronger adverse impact on disadvantaged students. Moreover, student self-efficacy, academic motivation, and parental involvement are related to more negligible negative pandemic effects on schooling outcomes. We find no evidence for an association between student grit or parental network centrality and the magnitude of estimated pandemic effects.

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Article Details

Title:
Inequality in pandemic effects on school track placement and the role of social and academic embeddedness.

Author(s):
van de Werfhorst HG; Zwier D; Geven S; Bol T; Haelermans C

Summary:
This study looked at how the COVID-19 pandemic affected students' school progress in the Netherlands. They found that the pandemic made it harder for some students, especially those who are less advantaged, while students with self-confidence, motivation, and supportive parents did not feel as many negative effects. Having determination or a big friend network didn't seem to change how much the pandemic affected students.

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pubmed id: 39604431 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Procedural learning and automatization have widely been studied in behavioral psychology and typically involves a rapid improvement, followed by a plateau in performance throughout repeated training. More recently, brain imaging studies have implicated frontal-striatal brain circuits in skill learning. However, it is largely unknown whether frontal-striatal activation during skill learning and behavioral changes follow a similar learning curve pattern. To address this gap in knowledge, we performed a longitudinal brain imaging study using a procedural working memory (pWM) task with repeated measurements across two weeks to map the temporal dynamics of skill learning. We additionally explored the effect of the BDNF ValMet polymorphism, a common genetic polymorphism impacting neural plasticity, to further inform the relevance of the identified neural markers. We used linear and exponential modeling to characterize procedural learning by means of learning curves on the behavioral and brain functional level. We show that repeated training led to an exponential decay in a distributed set of brain regions including fronto-striatal circuits, which paralleled the exponential improvement in task performance. In addition, we show that both behavioral and neurofunctional readouts were sensitive to the BDNF ValMet polymorphism, suggesting less efficient learning in Met-allele carriers along with protracted signal decay in frontal and striatal brain regions. Our results extend existing literature by showing the temporal relationship between procedural learning and frontal-striatal brain function and suggest a role of BDNF in mediating neural plasticity for establishing automatized behavior.

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Article Details

Title:
Longitudinal markers of cognitive procedural learning in fronto-striatal circuits and putative effects of a BDNF plasticity-related variant.

Author(s):
Geiger LS; Wüstenberg T; Zang Z; Melzer M; Witt SH; Rietschel M; Nöthen MM; Herms S; Degenhardt F; Meyer-Lindenberg A; Moessnang C

Summary:
The study looked at how the brain learns new skills over time and how certain genes might affect this learning. People practiced a memory task, and their brain activity was measured. The study found that both brain activity and skill improvement happened and were different in people with a specific gene variation.

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pubmed id: 39604428 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This inquiry traces the recent history of modern conceptualizations of personhood and wellbeing. It explores a general transition from traditional frameworks emphasizing social embeddedness, external obligations, and cosmic meaning to modern views privileging self-determination, authenticity, and self-expression. The inquiry shows that contemporary conceptions of wellbeing have emerged in Western cultures through the gradual accumulation of influences, including the Enlightenment ethos, liberal ideals, romanticism, existentialism, countercultural movements, and modern psychology. The important role of 'authenticity' is examined as a central value in contemporary wellbeing discourse, aligning with the modern conception of personhood. It is argued that contemporary perspectives tend to position the ideal of authentic self-fulfillment as an overarching paradigm that integrates self-determination, self-discovery, willful self-authoring, and creative identity expression. It is also argued that the widespread public support of the authentic self-actualization model in the contemporary era is partly due to the success of humanistic and positive psychology. This model's prevalence is particularly notable in regions where the modern concepts of personhood prevail, i.e., in Western cultures and, to a somewhat lesser extent, within affluent non-Western cultures. By shedding light on the Western origins of modern concepts of wellbeing, this inquiry challenges their assumed universality.

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Article Details

Title:
Ideal personhood through the ages: tracing the genealogy of the modern concepts of wellbeing.

Author(s):
Joshanloo M; Weijers D

Summary:
The paper talks about how ideas of being a person and feeling good have changed over time. It explains how people used to focus more on fitting into society, but now more on being true to themselves. The paper also says these new ideas mostly come from Western cultures.

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pubmed id: 39600604 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

A growing literature has shown that exposure to adverse life events during childhood or adolescence is associated with the presence of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), which is in turn associated with the risk of psychotic outcomes. Ruminative thinking, i.e., the tendency to dwell on particular issues or ideas, may affect the perceived aversiveness and ability to cope with adverse life events. However, the role that rumination plays in the relationship between adverse life events and the presence of PLEs remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to assess the association between adverse life events and PLEs in a longitudinal sample of young adults and adolescents, and to investigate whether this relationship is mediated by ruminative thinking.

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Article Details

Title:
Ruminative thinking mediates the effects of exposure to adverse life events on psychotic-like experiences.

Author(s):
Fazio L; Raio A; Banaschewski T; Bokde ALW; Desrivières S; Flor H; Garavan H; Gowland P; Grigis A; Heinz A; Martinot JL; Paillère Martinot ML; Artiges E; Nees F; Papadopoulos Orfanos D; Paus T; Poustka L; Smolka MN; Hohmann S; Holz N; Vaidya N; Walter H; Whelan R; Schumann G; Bertolino A; Pergola G; Antonucci LA

Summary:
Some bad things that happen in life when you're young might make someone think or feel a bit different, kind of like daydreaming but not in a good way. This study looks at how thinking a lot about those bad things might change how people feel as they grow up. Researchers want to see if thinking about things over and over changes the way these experiences affect you.

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pubmed id: 39600602 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Calculating others' visual perspective automatically is a pivotal ability in human social communications. In the dot-perspective task, the ability is shown as a consistency effect: adults respond more slowly to judge the number of discs that they can see when a computer-generated avatar sees fewer discs. The implicit mentalizing account attributes the effect to relatively automatic tracking of others' visual perspective. However, the submentalizing account attributes the effect to domain-general attentional orienting. Accordingly, the current study focuses on elucidating the ongoing implicit mentalizing vs. submentalizing debate. The review tried to shed light on the debate regarding level-1 visual perspective taking and its potential relationship between the uncanny valley effect. Future research may focus on new manipulations of uncanny valley effect to further uncover the relationship between uncanny valley effect and level-1 visual perspective taking. This may provide new insight into the debate and the processing mechanisms of level-1 visual perspective-taking and uncanny valley effect, which may be beneficial for AI development.

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Article Details

Title:
A review of level-1 visual perspective-taking: potential relationship with the uncanny valley effect.

Author(s):
Fan C; He W

Summary:
This study looks at how people understand what others see and why this happens. It discusses different ideas about whether we track what others see automatically or if it's just how our attention works. The research may help understand both this skill and how we see computer-generated figures.

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pubmed id: 39600595 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In psychological research, respondents are usually asked to answer questions with a single response value. A useful alternative are interval response formats like the dual-range slider (DRS) where respondents provide an interval with a lower and an upper bound for each item. Interval responses may be used to measure psychological constructs such as variability in the domain of personality (e.g., self-ratings), uncertainty in estimation tasks (e.g., forecasting), and ambiguity in judgments (e.g., concerning the pragmatic use of verbal quantifiers). However, it is unclear whether respondents are sensitive to the requirements of a particular task and whether interval widths actually measure the constructs of interest. To test the discriminant validity of interval widths, we conducted a study in which respondents answered 92 items belonging to seven different tasks from the domains of personality, estimation, and judgment. We investigated the dimensional structure of interval widths by fitting exploratory and confirmatory factor models while using an appropriate multivariate logit function to transform the bounded interval responses. The estimated factorial structure closely followed the theoretically assumed structure of the tasks, which varied in their degree of similarity. We did not find a strong overarching general factor, which speaks against a response style influencing interval widths across all tasks and domains. Overall, this indicates that respondents are sensitive to the requirements of different tasks and domains when using interval response formats.

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Article Details

Title:
Discriminant Validity of Interval Response Formats: Investigating the Dimensional Structure of Interval Widths.

Author(s):
Kloft M; Heck DW

Summary:
Researchers used a special kind of slider called a dual-range slider to see if people could give more flexible answers. They found that people understood how to use the slider for different types of questions, like personality or estimation. This means that people can handle different tasks well with this new way of answering.

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pubmed id: 39600413 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Practice is acknowledged as a crucial facilitator for musicians to achieve performance excellence. Despite the rich literature on incorporating musical imagery intentionally to improve one's practice efficacy, limitations remain in the understanding of voluntary musical imagery (VMI) in the context of musical practice. Therefore, our aims in this review are threefold. First, we enriched the interpretation of VMI in the context of music practice through the lens of embodied cognition. Second, we integrated neuroscientific findings to elucidate how the deliberate use of musical imagery parallels physical practice in effectiveness. Third, we synthesize work on the application of VMI in enhancing musical learning from both theoretical and practical perspectives. By providing an integrated overview of voluntary musical imagery, we highlight gaps in the literature and encourage further research on (1) the impact of embodied experiences on VMI formation, (2) optimal imagery content and ratio combination to establish a personalized intervention protocol for more effective musical pedagogy, and (3) on physiological measures to access VMI effectiveness. Additionally, we highlight the crucial implications of VMI for researchers, performers, and music educators.

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Article Details

Title:
Voluntary musical imagery in music practice: contextual meaning, neuroscientific mechanisms and practical applications.

Author(s):
Meng C; Luck G

Summary:
This paper talks about using musical imagery, or thinking about music in your head, to get better at playing music. It looks at how imagining music can be almost as good as actually practicing music and explains why it's useful for learning. The paper also points out areas where more research is needed to make music learning even better.

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pubmed id: 39588129 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Color is an essential element in the exhibition space of museums, influencing people's visual experience. To quantitatively study the relationship between color and individual visual perception in museum exhibition spaces, the study used eye-tracking technology combined with a questionnaire, exploring the relationship between color and visual perception in the exhibition environments of history museums in terms of hue, saturation, and brightness of color. Taking the Ruijin Central Revolutionary Base in Jiangxi Province as a historical display space for research, the results show that when the saturation is 69-77%, or the hue is red (0°H), the exhibited. environments have stronger color attractiveness. The study demonstrated that the first fixation duration in eye movement data significantly negatively correlates with the subject's personal preference, comfort, pleasure, and attractiveness. Researchers can use this as an evaluation parameter for visual perception of exhibition space.

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Article Details

Title:
A study on color visual perception of museum exhibition space based on eye movement experiments.

Author(s):
Hu L; Li J; Chen L; Shan Q; Jin Y; Ren G

Summary:
Researchers studied how color affects what people see in museums using eye-tracking technology and surveys. They found that certain colors, like red or medium-saturated colors, make exhibits more attractive. Longer first looks at a color mean people might not like it as much.

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pubmed id: 39588127 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Children with mild intellectual disabilities often exhibit poor social skills owing to intellectual impairments. This makes it essential to enhance their communication abilities. This study provides a novel contribution by systematically investigating the effects of false beliefs and empathy on white lie behavior among children with mild intellectual disabilities, considering both state and trait dimensions. Experiment 1 examined the impact of trait-level false beliefs and trait-level empathy on trait-level white lies. The results demonstrated that trait-level false beliefs and trait-level empathy both significantly promoted white lie behavior. Experiment 2 explored the influence of state-level false beliefs and state-level empathy on state-level white lies and found similar positive effects. By integrating both trait and state perspectives, this research fills a gap in the literature on white lie behavior in children with mild intellectual disabilities and uncovers the mechanisms through which false beliefs and empathy operate in different contexts. These findings offer comprehensive educational and intervention strategies to improve social adaptation in children with mild intellectual disabilities.

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Article Details

Title:
Influence of false beliefs and empathy on white lies among children with mild intellectual disabilities: focusing on trait and state perspectives.

Author(s):
Zhen Z; Liming M

Summary:
This study looked at how believing things that aren't true and feeling empathy help kids with mild intellectual disabilities tell small lies. It found that both of these things make it more likely for these kids to tell white lies. The research helps understand how to support kids' social skills better.

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pubmed id: 39588124 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Swearing, or using taboo language with the potential to offend, has been shown to improve physical performance during short and intense tasks requiring strength and power development. While consistent ergogenic effects of swearing have been observed across studies, the mechanisms by which swearing impacts physical performance are not fully clear. Swearing has been shown to modulate physiological (i.e., heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance), psychological (i.e., state disinhibition), and nociceptive (i.e., pain threshold, pain tolerance, pain perception) responses, thus making it plausible that these mechanisms allow swearing to positively impact physical performance. A variety of dosages of swearing (i.e., word used, intensity, frequency, quantity) have been reported to improve physical performance. Although habituation to the positive physical performance effects of swearing has not been explored formally through empirical research, habituation to swearing has been observed in other contexts. From a practical application standpoint, swearing represents a low-risk, effective, and inexpensive intervention that has the potential to acutely improve physical performance although the taboo nature of swearing may limit its utility in real-world situations. The purpose of the following review is to provide an overview of available evidence on swearing and physical performance and discuss likely underlying mechanisms. Exploration of different swearing approaches and habituation will also be highlighted and suggestions for future research will be discussed, to more comprehensively understand if swearing can be strategically used for performance enhancement.

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Article Details

Title:
Effect of swearing on physical performance: a mini-review.

Author(s):
Washmuth NB; Stephens R; Ballmann CG

Summary:
Swearing can help people perform better in tasks that need strength and power. Scientists think that swearing changes things in your body, like heart rate and pain tolerance, to help improve performance. More research is needed to understand exactly how it works and how it can be used in real life.

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pubmed id: 39588123 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

There has been an emphasis on effect sizes for differential item functioning (DIF) with the purpose to understand the magnitude of the differences that are detected through statistical significance testing. Several different effect sizes have been suggested that correspond to the method used for analysis, as have different guidelines for interpretation. The purpose of this simulation study was to compare the performance of the DIF effect size measures described for quantifying and comparing the amount of DIF in two assessments. Several factors were manipulated that were thought to influence the effect sizes or are known to influence DIF detection. This study asked the following two questions. First, do the effect sizes accurately capture aggregate DIF across items? Second, do effect sizes accurately identify which assessment has the least amount of DIF? We highlight effect sizes that had support for performing well across several simulated conditions. We also apply these effect sizes to a real data set to provide an example. Results of the study revealed that the log odds ratio of fixed effects (Ln ) and the variance of the Mantel-Haenszel log odds ratio ( ) were most accurate for identifying which test contains more DIF. We point to future directions with this work to aid the continued focus on effect sizes to understand DIF magnitude.

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Article Details

Title:
Differential Item Functioning Effect Size Use for Validity Information.

Author(s):
Finch WH; Hidalgo Montesinos MD; French BF; Hernandez Finch M

Summary:
The study looked at ways to measure differences in assessments using effect sizes to see which test has less bias. It found that some effect size measures worked best for finding these differences and tested them with both made-up and real data.

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pubmed id: 39583008 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Understanding the underpinnings of pro-environmental behavior is key to mitigating the socio-ecological crisis. Climate emotions have a critical albeit complex role in modulating pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, ideological frames, particularly those from world religions, exert strong influence on pro-environmental behavior, covering most of humanity. Among these, Buddhism has long been argued to contain elements suited to a green transition. However, empirical research on Buddhism and ecology is scarce, and little is known about the dynamics between climate emotions and behavior among Buddhists. In this article, we increase knowledge about the complex dynamics of climate action by analyzing findings from a case study investigating thirteen Western Buddhist climate activists, who operate at the intersection of Buddhism and environmentalism. Life history and thematic interview data shows that interpretations of Buddhism shape attitudes toward climate emotions in profound ways, with respondents manifesting high levels of emotional reflexivity. Interpretations of compassion and interconnectedness facilitate various levels of care for non-human nature. Some participants reported climate anxiety. Teachings on impermanence and cultivation of equanimity affect engagement with climate grief, anger, despair, and hope. Interpretations on karma allow negotiating a balance between individual guilt and allocation of responsibility to social structures, although the role of climate guilt emerges as somewhat conflicted among participants. Furthermore, emotion norms on avoiding anger and conflict can prevent individual and collective activation, and some participants were critical about traditional Buddhist interpretations of anger. Withdrawal into Buddhist practice with an inner focus was used to cope with uncertainty and burnout, and when seen to address the psychological roots of the climate crisis this could facilitate social disengagement. Our study contributes to interdisciplinary research on climate emotions, environmental activism, and religion.

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Article Details

Title:
How Western Buddhist climate activists negotiate climate emotions.

Author(s):
Cairns J; Pihkala P

Summary:
The study looks at how Buddhism influences people's feelings about the environment and their actions to help the planet. It talks about how Buddhist ideas like compassion and interconnectedness can change emotions and behaviors towards nature. The research also shows that teachings on karma and impermanence affect how people handle emotions like anger and guilt linked to climate change.

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pubmed id: 39583004 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This qualitative study explores the psychological challenges faced by divorced Saudi mothers who are raising children with disabilities. The study highlights the impact of having a child with a disability on marital stability and family issues, and the psychological challenges experienced by single mothers. Using semi-structured in-depth interviews, data were collected from five divorced mothers recruited from a private daycare center. Participants ranged in age from 34 to 53, each with one child with a disability, and an average divorce period of four years. The thematic analysis revealed that single/divorced Saudi mothers of children with disabilities experienced significant psychological strain characterized by fear, shock and attempts at religious acceptance to cope with their child's condition. Additionally, these mothers reported facing substantial social challenges, including societal ridicule and limited remarriage prospects, highlighting the broader impact of having a child with a disability on their lives. The study underscores the need for tailored psychological support and interventions for families of children with disabilities, especially for mothers who are significantly impacted by the challenges associated with their child's condition. Additionally, the study emphasizes the negative impact of societal attitudes towards disability, which can contribute to social problems and psychological distress for families. The study's findings suggest the need for specialized clinics and support groups to help families cope with the unique challenges they face.

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Article Details

Title:
Mothers of children with disabilities: exploring lived experiences, challenges, and divorce risk.

Author(s):
Alsamiri YA; Alaghdaf AA; Alsawalem IM; Allouash BA; Alfaidi SD

Summary:
This study talks about the tough times divorced moms in Saudi Arabia have when raising kids with disabilities. These moms feel a lot of stress and face problems from others in their community. The study suggests having special places and groups to help these families.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39583001 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study examined the role of scaffolding as temporary support offered by an educator to help students complete a learning task that would be challenging to accomplish without this support. Although there is a great deal of research in (L2) second language writing on the effect of scaffolding on improving students' writing outcome variables (e.g., organization, coherence, content, and overall writing performance), few studies have explored the contributions of scaffolding to learners' emotions and psychological variables. Using a double pre-test post-test design, this quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of a scaffolded writing intervention on students' self-efficacy beliefs (i.e., confidence in their ability) in source-based argumentative writing. We analyzed the students' ( = 50) source-self-efficacy beliefs 3 weeks before the intervention, immediately before the intervention, and immediately after the intervention. At the end of the intervention, students' performance was measured using a scoring rubric containing key criteria in source-based argumentative writing. A post-study semi-structured interview was conducted with participating students ( = 13) to further understand their experience with the scaffolding intervention. The analyses demonstrated that the intervention had a positive and significant impact on students' self-efficacy beliefs of their abilities to organize ideas, summarize different sources, and revise their essays. There were no significant changes in the participants' beliefs about skills related to deciding if the evidence from different sources is strong, finding weaknesses in the arguments presented in different sources, and writing a counterargument. Furthermore, correlational analysis using post-test self-efficacy overall score and students' writing performance scores on four major aspects (idea development, organization, source use, and language use) revealed a positive relationship between self-efficacy and two aspects of writing (source use and organization). Students' interview results further confirmed the effectiveness of the intervention in enhancing the participants' self-efficacy beliefs and performance in source-based argumentative writing. These findings highlight the importance of scaffolding strategies targeting self-efficacy to improve confidence in source-based writing and hence writing performance.

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Article Details

Title:
A scaffolding intervention to improve self-efficacy in source-based argumentative writing.

Author(s):
Allagui B

Summary:
This study looked at how teachers help students with hard writing tasks by giving them extra support. The research found that this support made students more confident and better at organizing and using different sources in their writing. The students felt better about their writing skills, which helped improve their performance.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39582999 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In recent years, with rapid societal advancement and profound transformations in knowledge production, doctoral students are increasingly facing significant time pressures. These pressures not only stem from an escalation in research tasks but also from urgent demands for innovative outputs. Grounded in Affective Events Theory, this study explores the dual impact of time pressure on the innovative behaviors of doctoral students in China. It specifically examines how challenge and hindrance time pressures affect doctoral students' innovative behavior through the mediating role of research self-efficacy and the moderating role of supervisor support. This research employed SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3 for statistical analysis, analyzing multi-time point data collected from 452 Chinese doctoral students between May and August 2023. The results reveal that challenge time pressure significantly positively impacts doctoral students' innovative behavior, while hindrance time pressure has a significant negative impact. Furthermore, research self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between both challenge and hindrance time pressures and innovative behavior. In this process, the moderating role of supervisor support is significant, enhancing the positive effects of challenge time pressure and mitigating the negative impacts of hindrance time pressure, highlighting the importance of supervisor support in optimizing the impact of time pressure and promoting doctoral students' innovative behavior. These findings not only enrich the theoretical framework in the field of time pressure research but also provide practical guidance for universities and supervisors on how to support doctoral students in effectively managing time pressure and fostering their innovation.

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Article Details

Title:
Good stress or bad stress? An empirical study on the impact of time pressure on doctoral students' innovative behavior.

Author(s):
Zhang X; Zhao Z; Sun J; Ren J

Summary:
Doctoral students in China feel a lot of pressure because they have to do many research tasks and come up with new ideas quickly. This study found that some pressure makes students work better, but some makes it harder, and having a good supervisor can help. The research can help schools and teachers support students better so they can do their best work.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39582998 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

School Psychology Article Feed

February 9th, 2025

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