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Abstract

Despite the extensive history of investigation, characterization and diagnostics of giftedness is still a point of debate. The lack of understanding of the phenomenon affects the identification process of gifted children, development of targeted educational programs and state of research in the field of gifted education. In the current systematic review, we seek to delineate the specific aspects in which gifted children differ from their typically developing peers in cognitive abilities, psychophysiology and psychological characteristics. Secondly, we aim to document the prevalence and criteria of intelligence tests used to assess gifted children and adolescents. We reviewed 104 articles from more than 25 countries that examined a total of 77,705 children ages 5-18 years. Results reveal a discernible trend toward adopting more culturally appropriate measures for assessing giftedness in children. Findings highlight that gifted children generally outperform their peers in several cognitive domains such as verbal working memory, inhibition, geometric problem solving, attention-switching and elemental information processing, showcasing an accuracy-reaction time trade-off. Psychophysiological assessments demonstrate heightened and accelerated brain activity during complex effortful cognitive processes. Psychological and behavioral measures reveal that gifted children score higher on tests measuring intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and openness to experience; as well as achieving higher grades in school and employing better problem-solving strategies. Our systematic review can be beneficial in educational and research contexts, giving directions in assessment of giftedness and designing future research.

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Article Details

Title:
Giftedness identification and cognitive, physiological and psychological characteristics of gifted children: a systematic review.

Author(s):
Kuznetsova E; Liashenko A; Zhozhikashvili N; Arsalidou M

Summary:
This research paper looks at how smart kids are different from other kids in how they think and behave. It found that smart kids do better in thinking tests, have more active brains during hard tasks, and are more motivated and open to new things. The study helps improve how smart kids are tested and supported in schools.

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pubmed id: 39635703 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

As future doctors, medical students' prosocial behaviors may affect the relationship between doctors and patients. This study aims to explore the effects of trait mindfulness on prosocial behaviors, as well as the mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of moral identity among medical students.

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Article Details

Title:
Prosocial behavior associated with trait mindfulness, psychological capital and moral identity among medical students: a moderated mediation model.

Author(s):
Liu N; Cao Y; Xu H

Summary:
The study looks at how being mindful might help medical students be more helpful and kind. It also checks if having a positive mindset and strong morals can change this effect.

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pubmed id: 39635702 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study aimed to construct a network analysis model for benefit finding (BF) and caregiving abilities to clarify the interrelationships and mutual influences among different dimensions and propose nursing strategies.

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Article Details

Title:
Correlation between benefit finding and caregiving abilities among family caregivers of patients with lung cancer: a network analysis.

Author(s):
Lin X; Xie H; Chen Z; Zhao Q; Zhou X

Summary:
The study created a network model to understand how finding good things in tough times and being a good caregiver are connected. This helps come up with better ways to help nurses support people.

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pubmed id: 39635701 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Previous research has highlighted the influence of visual search (VS) on reading comprehension (RC); however, the underlying mechanisms of this effect remain poorly understood, particularly in children with reading disabilities. This study explores disparities in VS, word detection skills (WD), reading fluency (RF), and RC between Chinese children with developmental dyslexia (DD) and their typically developing peers across different age groups.

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Article Details

Title:
The impact of visual search in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia on reading comprehension: the mediating role of word detection skill and reading fluency.

Author(s):
Meng H; Yao R; Zhang P; Wang J; Zhang Y

Summary:
The study looks at how children with reading disabilities in China search for things with their eyes and how it affects their reading. It compares kids with reading struggles to those who don't have these problems across different ages.

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pubmed id: 39635700 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Growing evidence challenges the longstanding assumption of a universal decline in relationship satisfaction for all couples by demonstrating variability in the change. However, knowledge about how differential long-term trajectories of relationship satisfaction are associated with positive individual functioning is lacking. Using dyadic latent class growth analysis, we studied long-term trajectories of relationship satisfaction of  = 300 mixed-gender couples over 10 years and examined positive outcomes in latent subgroups. At the final assessment, partners reported on positive outcomes, specifically affect, mental health, and life satisfaction. Depending on their subgroup membership, couples systematically differed: Couples in the subgroup with high initial and relatively stable relationship satisfaction reported the most favorable outcomes-more positive affect, better mental health, and higher life satisfaction-as compared to subgroups with declining and/or lower relationship satisfaction. The findings show the importance of considering the variability in long-term relationship satisfaction trajectories and point to their relevance for positive functioning.

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Article Details

Title:
Positive Outcomes of Long-Term Relationship Satisfaction Trajectories in Stable Romantic Couples: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study.

Author(s):
Roth M; Landolt SA; Nussbeck FW; Weitkamp K; Bodenmann G

Summary:
The study looked at how happy couples stay over a long time and what helps make them happy. They found that couples who started happy and stayed stable had better feelings, mental health, and life satisfaction. It shows that not all couples’ happiness changes the same way.

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pubmed id: 39634786 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study investigated whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) can alter the thinking process and neural basis of creativity. Participants' performance on the compound remote associates (CRA) task was analyzed considering the semantic features of each trial after receiving different tDCS protocols (left cathodal and right anodal, L + R-; right cathodal and left anodal, L-R+; and Sham). Moreover, we constructed and compared 80 prediction models of CRA performance for each group based on task-related functional connectivity. Results showed that L + R- stimulation improved performance in semantically bundled CRA trials, while L-R+ stimulation enhanced performance in trials with greater semantic distance. Furthermore, alpha-band task connectivity models for the L + R- group showed inferior performance and greater left frontal lateralization than other two groups. These findings suggest that tDCS targeting the bilateral IFG alters cognitive processes during creative ideation rather than enhancing or impairing an established thinking process.

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Article Details

Title:
Transcranial direct current stimulation targeting the bilateral IFG alters cognitive processes during creative ideation.

Author(s):
Xie C; Zhang S; Qiao X; Hao N

Summary:
This study looked at how a special kind of brain stimulation can change creative thinking. They found that one type of stimulation helped people solve certain kinds of word puzzles better, while another type helped with different puzzles. The research shows that this brain stimulation can change how people think creatively.

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pubmed id: 39632885 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Attitude toward nature and environmental attitude are two distinct propensities that both further learning about the environment. The present study builds upon prior research by investigating the role of attitude toward nature in learning about environmental issues. In a sample of 1,486 university, middle and high school students (  = 15.25,  = 3.2), we first calibrated a pool of items expressing attitude toward nature. We found differences in how adolescents expressed their appreciation for nature at different ages. It is essential to consider these differences to accurately ascertain adolescents' attitudes toward nature. We then conducted a mediation test. Whereas attitude toward nature determined the levels of knowledge students gained and retained, environmental attitude fully mediated the environmental knowledge subsequently demonstrated by the students. Our research suggests that researchers and educators may benefit from taking an experiential approach to learning about sustainable development by promoting appreciation for nature.

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Article Details

Title:
The role of attitude toward nature in learning about environmental issues.

Author(s):
Baierl TM; Kaiser FG; Bogner FX

Summary:
The study looked at how students feel about nature and how it helps them learn about the environment. It found that different ages have different ways of showing they care about nature. Thinking about nature helped students learn more, and learning experiences that focus on enjoying nature might help teach about being eco-friendly.

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pubmed id: 39629192 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The recently published New Italian version of the Wilkins Rate of Reading Test (standard Italian WRRT) was designed to measure reading speed in repeated-measures designs in research and/or clinical examinations. The test features 15 equivalent 10-line passages made up of unrelated words, adhering to the principles established by the Wilkins Rate of Reading Test in English (original WRRT).

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Article Details

Title:
Short Italian Wilkins Rate of Reading Test for repeated-measures designs in optometry and neuropsychology.

Author(s):
De Luca M; Nardo D; Rizzo GC; Daini R; Tavazzi S; Zeri F

Summary:
The New Italian version of the Wilkins Rate of Reading Test measures how fast someone can read. It uses 15 different passages that all follow the same rules as the original English test.

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pubmed id: 39629190 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Globally, there is an increasing trend in the incidence of premature births and low birth weight. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) care has become indispensable for these newborns. Nevertheless, this mode of care poses substantial economic, psychological, and health challenges to the families of preterm infants. Despite abundant evidence concerning the parents' needs in the NICU, the needs of grandparents-vital family members-are frequently disregarded. This exploratory study aimed to assess the grandparents' needs of preterm infants in the NICU, exploring the impact of demographic elements on these needs to offer guidance for clinical care practices.

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Article Details

Title:
Assessing the needs of grandparents of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units: a cross-sectional study.

Author(s):
Huang H; Tao J; Lei Y; Chen R; Fang H

Summary:
This study looks at what grandparents need when their grandchildren are born too early and have to stay in the hospital. The research wants to help doctors and nurses take better care of these families.

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pubmed id: 39629189 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Mild to moderate depression, anxiety, and stress imbalances are prevalent emotional issues among college students and are primary factors leading to deficiencies in social-emotional skills within this population. Without timely intervention, these mild to moderate emotional issues may escalate into more severe conditions. Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) programs are effective for building social-emotional skills. However, current research on SEL programs has not adequately addressed the issue of high-quality teacher-student interactions for students who suffer emotional problems. To tackle this issue, this study proposes a curriculum approach that integrates mindfulness with rhythmic music? and evaluated the emotional changes of students after mindfulness with rhythmic music curriculum.

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Article Details

Title:
Mindfulness's moderating role applied on online SEL education.

Author(s):
Ho CH; Zhang HQ; Li J; Liu A

Summary:
Many college students feel sad, worried, or stressed, which can make it hard for them to get along with others. This study tried to help by using a program that mixes mindfulness and music to see if it made students feel better.

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pubmed id: 39629188 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In today's dynamic landscape, navigating career paths in the midst of economic, societal, and technological changes has become increasingly challenging. The developmental psychology studies (see the career construction theory framework) and European educational standards consistently support the crucial role of teachers in supporting students' career choices. However, teachers do not seem to be trained for this role, and the NEFELE project aims to fill this gap. The training model proposed in this paper aims to provide teachers with the knowledge and tools to support their students' career choices in educational systems.

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Article Details

Title:
Exploring the adolescents' career development and career-related teacher support: the NEFELE career guidance model.

Author(s):
Parola A; Diano F; Ponticorvo M; Sica LS

Summary:
Teachers need help to guide students in choosing careers because of changes in society and technology. The NEFELE project will train teachers to support students with their future job choices.

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pubmed id: 39629186 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Although psychological factors play a significant role in the onset and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), psychological interventions (PIs) are rarely included in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs due to inconclusive evidence regarding specific intervention components and effect sizes. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a PI based on cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) and positive psychology therapy (PPT) in improving psychological and clinical outcomes in patients with ACS.

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Article Details

Title:
: a pilot randomized controlled trial testing a psychological intervention combining cognitive-behavioral treatment and positive psychology therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients.

Author(s):
Magán I; Jurado-Barba R; Moreno G; Ayán-Sanz MP; Izquierdo-Garcia J; Corradi G; Tello R; Bueno H

Summary:
The study looked at how certain types of mental health treatments might help people with heart problems feel better emotionally and physically. They used two types of therapy to see if they could improve the well-being of these patients.

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pubmed id: 39629185 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

What is hope, and how can we measure it? These questions have occupied the minds of hope scholars across disciplines. This article outlines a comprehensive approach to understanding hope: the Bidimensional Model of Hope. Building on the standard definition of hope, the bidimensional model explores hope as the intersection between wishes (desires, aspirations) and expectations (assessment of possibility). Hope is thus located on a bidimensional plane with two perpendicular axes; one corresponds to the levels of wishes to achieve an outcome, and the second to the levels of expectations of achieving the outcome. We claim that the bidimensional approach is comprehensive enough to include existing definitions of hope while being parsimonious, versatile, and applicable to many contexts, including those where the hoped-for outcome is beyond people's actual or perceived control. We show the model's theoretical and methodological utility and its use in existing qualitative and quantitative research on hope in the context of intractable international conflicts. We end with suggesting pathways for developing and applying the Bidimensional Model of Hope to assist hope research in a variety of contexts and disciplines.

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Article Details

Title:
Introducing the Bidimensional Model of Hope and its conceptual and methodological utilities.

Author(s):
Leshem OA; Halperin E

Summary:
The paper talks about a new way to understand hope using a Bidimensional Model. Hope is seen as a mix of what we wish for and what we think can happen. This model helps study hope in different situations, like tough conflicts, and suggests how it can be used in research.

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pubmed id: 39629184 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Cognitive load can impair an operator's ability to optimally scan and process relevant information that is critical to the safe and successful operation of an aircraft. Since the cognitive demands experienced by pilots fluctuate throughout a given flight due to changes in task demands that range from high to low cognitive load, it has become increasingly important to objectively track and quantify these changes accordingly. The analysis of eye movements has been shown to be a promising method to understand information acquisition, processing efficiency, and how these aspects of cognition impact pilot performance. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess the impact of a dual task paradigm on low-time pilot flight performance and gaze behavior during two phases of flight with varying levels of cognitive load. Twenty-two licensed pilots (<350 h) completed simulated flight circuits alongside an auditory oddball task under visual flight rules conditions. Self-reported situation awareness scores and auditory task performance revealed the dual task was more demanding than the single tasks. Flight performance and gaze behavior indicated that primary task performance and information processing remained unaffected. These results suggest that the recruited pilots attained a level of skill proficiency that enabled the efficient deployment of cognitive resources to successfully complete the flying task under states of increased cognitive load. Combined with previous research findings, the results suggest that the effect of secondary tasks depends on the type of tasks used (i.e., simple/choice response tasks, memory recall, etc.). The utility of using a dual task and gaze behavior to probe flight proficiency and information processing efficiency throughout training are discussed.

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Article Details

Title:
The effects of a dual task on gaze behavior examined during a simulated flight in low-time pilots.

Author(s):
Ayala N; Kearns S; Irving E; Cao S; Niechwiej-Szwedo E

Summary:
The study looked at how doing two things at once affects how well new pilots fly and where they look during flights. It found that even when doing these two tasks, the pilots were still able to fly well because they used their brain power smartly. The study also talked about how these findings can help with pilot training.

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pubmed id: 39629183 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In inclusive preschools, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DD) are less socially engaged with peers than are typically developing (TD) children. However, there is limited objective information describing how children with ASD engage with teachers, or how teacher engagement compares to engagement with peers. We tracked over 750 hours' worth of children's (N = 77; N = 24, N = 23, N = 30; M = 43.98 months) and teachers' (N = 12) locations and orientations across eight inclusion preschool classrooms to quantify child-teacher and child-peer social preference. Social approach velocity and time in social contact were computed for each child and compared across social partners to index children's preference for teachers over peers. Children with ASD approached teachers--but not peers-more quickly than children with TD, and children with ASD were approached more quickly by teachers and more slowly by peers than children with TD. Children with ASD spent less time in social contact with peers and did not differ from children with TD in their time in social contact with teachers. Overall, children with ASD showed a greater preference for approaching, being approached by, and being in social contact with teachers (relative to peers) than children with TD. No significant differences emerged between children with DD and children with TD. In conclusion, children with ASD exhibited a stronger preference for engaging with teachers over peers, re-emphasizing the need for classroom-based interventions that support the peer interactions of children with ASD.

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Article Details

Title:
Children's social preference for teachers versus peers in autism inclusion classrooms: An objective perspective.

Author(s):
Drye M; Banarjee C; Perry L; Viggiano A; Irvin D; Messinger D

Summary:
In preschools, kids with autism like to be with teachers more than other kids. They go to teachers faster and spend more time with them compared to their classmates. This means they might need help to play more with other kids.

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pubmed id: 39627983 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In city centers worldwide, including the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Bamberg's old town in Germany, alleviating pedestrian overcrowding is a pressing concern. Leveraging crowd-counting technologies with real-time data collection offers promising solutions, yet poses challenges regarding data privacy and informed consent. This preregistered study examines public response to a Smart City Bamberg project aimed at addressing pedestrian congestion through crowd-counting methods. We investigate informed consent by looking at understanding and acceptance of the project, as well as influencing factors, such as effectiveness of project explanation and trust. Through a three-stage study comprising exploratory interviews, a field study, and an online study, we reveal that the focus of project explanations significantly impacts understanding: Functional explanations, emphasizing project purpose, enhance comprehension compared to mechanistic explanations detailing project components. Additionally, project trust positively correlates with acceptance. Notably, understanding impacts acceptance through increased project trust. These findings underscore the importance of fostering understanding to garner public acceptance of crowd-counting projects. It is important, especially in the case of projects which aim to improve quality of life while also prioritizing robust data protection, that decisions regarding informed consent are grounded in comprehension rather than on preconceived biases against data sharing. Efforts should prioritize effective explanations to bolster project trust and consequently, promote acceptance.

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Article Details

Title:
Crowd-counting technology within the Smart City context: understanding, trust, and acceptance.

Author(s):
Waclawek T; Fiedler A; Schütz M; Schütz A

Summary:
In Bamberg, Germany, there's a project to count people in crowded places using technology. The project wants people to understand and trust how it works so they will accept it. The study found that when people understand the purpose of the project better, they trust and like it more.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39624374 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Physical activity among university students significantly influences anxiety, yet the underlying mechanisms require further exploration. This study examines mental toughness as a mediator and social support as a moderator to elucidate these relationships.

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Article Details

Title:
Impact of physical activity on anxiety among university students: a moderated mediation model.

Author(s):
Qin T; Chen P; Wang J; Dong J; Zhang K

Summary:
The study looks at how exercise affects anxiety in college students. It explores if being strong-minded helps reduce anxiety and if having friends' support makes a difference too.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39624373 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Female college students are a high-risk group for psychological conflicts, and they are more likely to adopt negative coping styles under stress, which can lead to anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems, as well as pose hidden threats to the healthy development of school education and social work. Although physical exercise is an important means of effectively alleviating the psychological health of female college students, and there may be a close relationship between coping styles and psychological resilience with physical exercise and psychological health, specific ways to promote the psychological health of female college students by influencing their coping styles and enhancing their psychological resilience have yet to be explored.

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Article Details

Title:
Exploring the impact of physical exercise on mental health among female college students: the chain mediating role of coping styles and psychological resilience.

Author(s):
Cao L; Ao X; Zheng Z; Ran Z; Lang J

Summary:
Female college students often feel stressed and may have anxiety or depression. Exercising can help them feel better, but more research is needed on how it improves their mental health.

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pubmed id: 39624372 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Existing meta-analyses suggest that exercise intervention may play a crucial therapeutic role in improving maternal depression, anxiety and fatigue symptoms. However, the efficacy varies across different exercise content, duration, frequency, cycle, intensity, format and intervention period.

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Article Details

Title:
Effects of an exercise intervention on maternal depression, anxiety, and fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author(s):
Yu H; Mu Q; Lv X; Chen S; He H

Summary:
Exercise can help make moms feel better if they are feeling sad, worried, or tired. But, how much it helps depends on things like what kind of exercise it is, how often it is done, and how long it lasts.

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pubmed id: 39624371 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The increase in the average age of the population has resulted in a greater focus on interventions designed to facilitate successful Ageing. Notwithstanding its potential, the strategy of the board game remains relatively underexplored. This study aims to ascertain its role in fostering older people's well-being. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the level of well-being associated with the gaming experience is greater than overall well-being, particularly when the level of difficulty is low.

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Article Details

Title:
Aging with board games: fostering well-being in the older population.

Author(s):
Guardabassi V; Manoni E; Di Massimo M; Cirilli E; Maranesi A; Nicolini P

Summary:
Playing board games can help older people feel happier and healthier. This study found that playing easy games can make senior citizens feel even better.

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pubmed id: 39624370 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The purpose of the study was to unravel the determinants that necessitate academic help-seeking intentions and promote the utilisation of support services among distance education students.

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Article Details

Title:
Antecedents of academic actual help-seeking behaviour and support services utilisation among distance education students.

Author(s):
Somuah BA; Ahiatrogah PD; Segbenya M; Bervell B

Summary:
The study wanted to find out what makes students in distance education ask for help and use support services.

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pubmed id: 39624368 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The social characteristics of others can powerfully influence our decisions. They can also be broadly impacted by the social context in which these choices are made, making the effects of these characteristics on decision-making especially challenging to understand.

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Article Details

Title:
Naturalistic generative narratives reveal effects of social characteristics on decision-making.

Author(s):
Wong E; Williams O; Williams ZM; Báez-Mendoza R

Summary:
The way people around us act can change the choices we make. Also, the setting or situation can make it harder to see how these people affect our decisions.

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pubmed id: 39624367 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This paper is a study aimed at providing insights for developing effective human resource management strategies suitable for Korean youth sports education facilities, by elucidating the multifaceted relationships among job stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Through the research, it was academically suggested that the relationships among job stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention of Korean youth sports education facility workers could be structurally and complementarily manifested. To fulfill this objective, data were gathered using snowball sampling from Sports leaders who have experience or are engaged in sports education facilities for youth in Korea as of 23 years. A total of 384 responses were analyzed using frequency, technical statistics, and confirmatory factor, reliability, correlation, and structural equation model analyses.

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Article Details

Title:
The structural relationship of job stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention among youth sports education leaders in Korea.

Author(s):
Jung MK; Jung TG; Jeon MW; Lee JH

Summary:
The study looks at how job stress, happiness at work, and wanting to leave a job are connected for people working in Korean youth sports centers. It used surveys from people working in these sports centers to understand these connections better.

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pubmed id: 39624366 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

To measure the relationships between dyadic coping, marital adjustment, and post-traumatic growth in patients with maintenance hemodialysis and their spouses.

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Article Details

Title:
Relationships between dyadic coping, marital adjustment, and post-traumatic growth in patients with maintenance hemodialysis patients and their spouses.

Author(s):
Zhang Q; Cao H

Summary:
This study looks at how people who are on regular kidney treatment and their husbands or wives help each other cope, how well they get along, and if they show positive changes after going through tough times.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39624365 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Studies have found that flipped classroom teaching (FT) improves learning compared to lecture-based teaching (LT). However, whether the structured teacher-student interaction-the key feature of FT-plays an essential role in enhancing learning remains unclear, as do its neural underpinnings. Here, we compared three teaching conditions: FT with a video lecture and structured interaction, LT with a face-to-face lecture and spontaneous interaction, and control teaching (CT) with a video lecture and spontaneous interaction. The fNIRS-based hyperscanning technique was used to assess the interbrain synchrony (IBS) from teacher-student dyads. Results showed that the learning was significantly improved in FT than in LT and CT, and FT significantly increased teacher-student IBS in left DLPFC. Moreover, the IBS and learning improvements were positively correlated. Therefore, these findings indicate that the structured teacher-student interaction is crucial for enhancing learning in FT, and IBS serves as its neural foundation.

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Article Details

Title:
Structured interaction between teacher and student in the flipped classroom enhances learning and interbrain synchrony.

Author(s):
Li Q; Wang D; Xiao W; Tang Y; Sun Q; Sun B; Hu Z

Summary:
Researchers found that flipped classroom teaching, where students watch videos and then interact with teachers, helps students learn better than just having face-to-face lectures. The special brain connections between teachers and students during this teaching also improve, showing the importance of teacher-student interaction.

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pubmed id: 39622866 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Analysis of linguistic abilities that are concurrently impaired in individuals with language deficits allows identification of a shared underlying mechanism. If any two linguistic abilities are mediated by the same underlying mechanism, then both abilities will be absent if this mechanism is broken. Clustering techniques automatically arrange these abilities according to their co-occurrence and therefore group together abilities mediated by the same mechanism. This study builds upon the discovery of three distinct mechanisms of language comprehension in 31,845 autistic individuals. The current clustering analysis of a more diverse group of individuals with language impairments resulted in the three mechanisms identical to those found previously: (1) the most-basic command-language-comprehension-mechanism; (2) the intermediate modifier-language-comprehension-mechanism mediating comprehension of color, size, and number modifiers; and (3) the most-advanced syntactic-language-comprehension-mechanism. This discovery calls for mapping of the three empirically-defined language-comprehension-mechanisms in the context of cognitive neuroscience, which is the main goal of this study.

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Article Details

Title:
Three mechanisms of language comprehension are revealed through cluster analysis of individuals with language deficits.

Author(s):
Vyshedskiy A; Venkatesh R; Khokhlovich E; Satik D

Summary:
Scientists studied people with language problems to find out how their brains understand language. They found three important brain processes needed to understand language: one for basic understanding, one for details like size and color, and one for complex sentences.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39622810 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study investigates the treatment of rapid-guess (RG) responses as missing data within the context of the effort-moderated model. Through a series of illustrations, this study demonstrates that the effort-moderated model assumes missing at random (MAR) rather than missing completely at random (MCAR), explaining the conditions necessary for MAR. These examples show that RG responses, when treated as missing under the effort-moderated model, do not introduce bias into ability estimates if the missingness mechanism is properly accounted for. Conversely, using a standard item response theory (IRT) model (scoring RG responses as if they were valid) instead of the effort-moderated model leads to considerable biases, underestimating group means and overestimating standard deviations when the item parameters are known, or overestimating item difficulty if the item parameters are estimated.

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Article Details

Title:
Treating Noneffortful Responses as Missing.

Author(s):
DeMars CE

Summary:
The study looks at how quick guesses in tests are treated as missing answers. It shows that if quick guesses are handled correctly, they don't affect the test scores. But using regular scoring methods on quick guesses can make the results wrong.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39620158 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Evaluating differential item functioning (DIF) in assessments plays an important role in achieving measurement fairness across different subgroups, such as gender and native language. However, relying solely on the item response scores among traditional DIF techniques poses challenges for researchers and practitioners in interpreting DIF. Recently, response process data, which carry valuable information about examinees' response behaviors, offer an opportunity to further interpret DIF items by examining differences in response processes. This study aims to investigate the potential of response process data features in improving the interpretability of DIF items, with a focus on gender DIF using data from the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) 2012 computer-based numeracy assessment. We applied random forest and logistic regression with ridge regularization to investigate the association between process data features and DIF items, evaluating the important features to interpret DIF. In addition, we evaluated model performance across varying percentages of DIF items to reflect practical scenarios with different percentages of DIF items. The results demonstrate that the combination of timing features and action-sequence features is informative to reveal the response process differences between groups, thereby enhancing DIF item interpretability. Overall, this study introduces a feasible procedure to leverage response process data to understand and interpret DIF items, shedding light on potential reasons for the low agreement between DIF statistics and expert reviews and revealing potential irrelevant factors to enhance measurement equity.

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Article Details

Title:
Exploring the Evidence to Interpret Differential Item Functioning via Response Process Data.

Author(s):
Li Z; Shin J; Kuang H; Huggins-Manley AC

Summary:
This study looks at how test questions can be fair for everyone, like boys and girls, by using new ways to understand how people answer questions. By studying how long it takes and the steps people take, scientists can make better guesses about why some questions might not seem fair. They used math techniques to see how these ideas help make tests better.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39620157 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) experience problems in language comprehension and/or production. In particular, storytelling or narrative ability is often impaired, as this type of discourse involves all domains of language. These problems may lead to a lower quality of social interaction and mental health. Moreover, problems in oral narrative ability during early development have a negative effect on later literacy. However, telling a story involves more than language alone. Executive functioning is thought to play an important part in stimulating narrative ability, as linguistic utterances need to be planned in a temporal and causal order, and switching is needed between multiple characters and events in the story. Research has shown that children with DLD experience problems with executive functioning, independent of their language ability. Thus, the difficulties in storytelling may be caused by both impaired language and executive functioning, as both domains follow hierarchical developmental paths during the early childhood years. In this review, we discuss three components of narrative ability (comprehension, production of macrostructure and production of microstructure) and how they may be interconnected to the three core components of executive functioning (working memory, switching and inhibition) and attention. This review shows that updating and monitoring information in working memory plays an important part in all three components of narrative ability, across multiple studies. This result may give direction in the development of narrative assessment and intervention, and urge further research to disentangle the interplay between language and executive control in DLD.

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Article Details

Title:
Controlling the narrative: the relationship between narrative ability and executive functioning in children with developmental language disorder.

Author(s):
Janssen L; Scheper A; Vissers C

Summary:
Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have trouble understanding and telling stories because it involves using many parts of language and managing different story parts. This can affect how they make friends and learn to read. Problems with planning and organizing thoughts also make storytelling harder for them.

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pubmed id: 39619000 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental health condition that significantly affects an individual's quality of life (QoL). While previous research has primarily concentrated on the clinical aspects of BD, there is increasing interest in understanding the factors associated with QoL in this population. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the effects of different coping strategies on the overall QoL of individuals with BD, encompassing the physical, psychological, and social dimensions, while comparing adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. The study sample included 96 outpatients diagnosed with BD recruited from psychiatric outpatient clinics in Riyadh and Dammam, Saudi Arabia, as well as a broader BD community. Participants completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief-COPE) questionnaires.

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Article Details

Title:
Understanding quality of life in bipolar disorder: associated factors and coping strategies.

Author(s):
Alzahrani H

Summary:
Bipolar disorder affects how people live their lives. This study looked at how different ways of coping can impact the quality of life for people with this condition. Researchers used special questionnaires to gather information from 96 patients in Saudi Arabia.

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pubmed id: 39618999 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In this study, we examined self-other agreement in married couples to examine the association between their perceptions of self and other psychological problems and dyadic adjustment. We also postulated that dyadic adjustment would moderate self-other agreement ratings on low- and high-visibility traits of psychological problems. Using a cross-informant assessment design, 101 married dyads in three marital groups (non-clinical, transplant, and divorcing dyads) provided reciprocal self and other ratings for psychological problems. Self-other agreement indices were quantified using self-other differences scores and Pearson qualifying () correlations. The self-other agreement models yielded significant differences in dyadic adjustment across couple types. Couples that demonstrated moderate to elevated levels of self-other agreement for psychological problems had higher levels of dyadic adjustment. Differences in self-other psychological problem ratings were robust predictors of dyadic maladjustment and poor relational quality. Dyadic adjustment was found to moderate self-other agreement for psychological problems, especially for wives' appraisals and husbands' attunement to wives' low-visibility problems. The findings validate the impact of self-other agreement in models of relationship conflict and adjustment. Wive's other views tended to have large effect sizes in dyadic adjustment. The study's limitations and recommendations for future research are also discussed.

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Title:
Assessing self-other agreement and dyadic adjustment in marital dyads.

Author(s):
Dwire JD; Acklin MW

Summary:
This study looked at how well married couples understand each other's psychological problems and how this affects their relationship quality. It found that when couples agree more about each other's problems, their relationships tend to be better. The study also discovered that understanding each other's less obvious problems is important, especially for wives.

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pubmed id: 39618998 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In recent decades, researchers have assessed the relationship between mindfulness and personality traits, including neuroticism, a known target in mental health associated with the development of mental health disorders and physical illnesses. The main aim of mindfulness practice is to help individuals develop the ability to regulate and accept their experiences, emotions, and thoughts. Therefore, it could be suggested that mindfulness may be useful in reducing the expression and negative experience of neuroticism. The aim of our review was to assess the relationship between neuroticism and mindfulness.

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Article Details

Title:
The relationship between neuroticism as a personality trait and mindfulness skills: a scoping review.

Author(s):
Angarita-Osorio N; Escorihuela RM; Cañete T

Summary:
Mindfulness can help people handle their feelings and thoughts better, which might reduce traits like neuroticism that can affect mental health. This study reviewed how mindfulness and neuroticism are connected.

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pubmed id: 39618997 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), the procrastination-health model, and the mechanism model of exercise persistence, this study examined the effects of procrastination on physical activity and the mechanism of its action in Chinese college students.

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Title:
The effects of procrastination on physical activity among Chinese university students: the chain-mediated effects of time management disposition and exercise motivation.

Author(s):
Zhang Y; Tian M; Yang J; Xi Y; Li Z; Wang L

Summary:
This study looked at how putting things off, or procrastinating, can affect how much exercise college students in China do. It used ideas from different theories to understand why this happens.

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pubmed id: 39618996 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Knowledge about the relative environmental impact and climate-protective potential of different actions () is important for successful sustainable action. However, there is currently no scale for measuring effectiveness knowledge that meets psychometric quality criteria. We developed a new scale consisting of 16 ranking and choice tasks and tested it on a convenience sample of 278 people from Germany in an online study. The final scale version achieved a reliability of = 0.655. This is significantly higher than the reliability of 0.329 achieved by an established knowledge scale used for comparison. Inter-correlation of both scales was moderate to strong, but the new scale is able to explain 3% additional variance in high-impact pro-environmental behavior when controlling for environmental attitude, whereas the established scale is not explaining any additional variance, indicating incremental validity of our scale. We conclude that it is possible to use ranking tasks to measure effectiveness knowledge more reliably in a test-efficient way and provide a set of items which are usable in the contemporary German context.

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Title:
Better climate action through the right knowledge? Development and validation of an item-response-theory scale measuring climate effectiveness knowledge.

Author(s):
Simon CE; Merten MJ

Summary:
Researchers made a new test to see how well people know about actions that can help the environment. They tried this test on people in Germany and found it works better than an old test. This new test helps explain why some people do more to protect the environment.

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pubmed id: 39618995 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation that stimulates the cerebral cortex through the output current to regulate neural excitability. This review systematically summarizes the research results of tACS on working memory, learning ability, and decision-making ability, and analyzes the application schemes, safety, and unresolved issues of tACS in the field of cognitive function to provide a theoretical reference for the application of tACS in the field of cognition. Research has found that: (1) tACS intervention can improve the working memory, learning ability, and exercise decision-making ability of athletes and healthy individuals and has a positive effect on improving exercise performance. (2) The factors that determine the effectiveness of tACS intervention include stimulation frequency, stimulation phase, stimulation area, and stimulation dose. The stimulation area and frequency determine which cognitive function tACS affects, whereas the stimulation phase and dose determine the magnitude of the intervention effect. Moreover, before practical application, individual cognitive status, age level, and timing of application should be included in the factors that affect the effectiveness of tACS intervention to develop more scientific intervention plans. (3) Despite the absence of evidence indicating significant safety issues associated with the use of tACS, its widespread adoption among athletes still poses safety risks under the World Anti-Doping Code. In competitive sports, whether the use of tACS will be classified as a "neuro-doping" method leading to disqualification remains uncertain. Therefore, authoritative institutions to provide comprehensive guidelines on the application of tACS, clearly delineating its usage scenarios and defining the safety parameters for tACS stimulation. Additionally, the development of detection devices for tACS usage is essential to ensure that any intervention using tACS can be monitored effectively.

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Article Details

Title:
Research progress on the intervention of cognitive function using transcranial alternating current stimulation technology.

Author(s):
Wu Q; Wu C; Liu J

Summary:
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a way to help the brain work better without surgery. It can improve memory and learning in athletes and other people, but the right amount and area need to be chosen carefully. There are no big safety worries yet, but people are still figuring out if it's fair in sports competitions.

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pubmed id: 39618994 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Test anxiety is an emotional state characterized by physiological and behavioral responses linked to the fear of poor exam results. It can result in a significant impact in the overall academic achievement of students. Addressing the contributing factors of the problem is better to intervene in the academic challenges of students and create a conducive learning environment. Thus, this study investigated the association between test anxiety and the newly implemented national exit exam program among prospective graduate students at Dilla University in 2023.

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Article Details

Title:
A psychological reaction of higher education students to the new national exit exam in the case of Dilla University, 2023.

Author(s):
Kassaw C; Demareva V; Getu S; Negash M; Alemayehu S

Summary:
Test anxiety makes students worried about doing poorly on exams, which can affect their grades. This study looked at how this anxiety is connected to a new national test at Dilla University.

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pubmed id: 39618993 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This longitudinal study sought to examine the dynamic influence of perceived stress on academic engagement among deaf college students, as well as assess the moderating role of positive emotions in this relationship. Given the unique challenges faced by deaf students in educational environments, understanding these dynamics becomes crucial for developing effective support strategies.

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Article Details

Title:
A longitudinal study on the impact of perceived stress on academic engagement among deaf college students: the moderating effect of positive emotions.

Author(s):
Chen T; Xu K; Luo L; Chen Y

Summary:
This study looked at how feeling stressed affects how much deaf college students engage in school. It also checked if feeling happy can change this stress and school connection.

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pubmed id: 39618992 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Urban forest park leisure is a significant means for residents to achieve health and well-being, thus possessing high public health value. However, the relationship between visitors' leisure involvement and perceived health benefits has not been clarified. This study introduced restorative experiences and positive emotions as mediators and place attachment as a psychological moderator, innovatively constructing a stimulus-organism-response-moderator (SORM) integrated model. This moderated mediation model aimed to examine the mechanism through which visitors' leisure involvement influenced perceived health benefits. A field survey was conducted in Fuzhou National Forest Park in Fujian, China, resulting in the collection of 588 valid questionnaires. The results showed that visitors' leisure involvement positively impacted restorative experiences and positive emotions. Restorative experiences and positive emotions completely mediated the indirect relationship between visitors' leisure involvement and perceived health benefits. Place attachment enhanced the impact of restorative experiences on perceived health benefits, thereby positively moderating the mediation effect of restorative experiences. Place attachment also diminished the impact of positive emotions on perceived health benefits, thereby negatively moderating the mediation effect of positive emotions. Therefore, significant differences existed in the psychological processes involved in acquiring perceived health benefits among visitors with different levels of place attachment. Our findings might enrich the existing knowledge of place attachment and forest health benefits, providing valuable references for designing and optimizing urban forest parks.

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Article Details

Title:
How leisure involvement impacts visitors' perceived health benefits in urban forest parks: examining the moderating role of place attachment.

Author(s):
Zhou W; Fan S; Wu Y; Wang G; Lan S

Summary:
Researchers studied how visiting forest parks can make people feel healthier and happier. They found that when people feel connected to a park, it can change how much the park helps them feel better. This study helps us understand the benefits of spending time in nature and can help make parks even better.

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pubmed id: 39610455 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study investigates gender differences in perceptions of leadership styles and their impact on faculty motivation at Taif University, Saudi Arabia, within the context of Islamic higher education. Utilizing a quantitative research method approach, the researcher gathered survey responses from 74 faculty members at Taif University. The investigation focused on three main areas: the significant gender differences in perceptions of leadership styles among faculty members at Taif University; the tendency of female faculty members to perceive transformational leadership styles more positively than their male counterparts; and the more favorable response of male faculty members to transactional leadership styles compared to female faculty members. The results of this study revealed significant gender differences, with female faculty members showing a preference for transformational leadership, while male faculty members responded more positively to transactional leadership. By adopting these findings, leaders at Taif University can participate positively on faculty members' motivation. In addition to that leadership practices can move toward sustainability, ensuring the continuous development of faculty, students, and resources. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of gender-based perceptions of leadership in an Islamic higher education setting and offer strategies for enhancing faculty motivation through tailored leadership approaches.

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Article Details

Title:
Gender differences in perceptions of leadership and their influence on motivation among faculty members of Taif University.

Author(s):
Alharthi FB

Summary:
The study looked at how men and women at Taif University see leadership styles differently and how this affects their motivation. Women liked transformational leadership better, while men preferred transactional leadership. Understanding these differences can help leaders improve motivation by using the right leadership approach.

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pubmed id: 39610454 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health problems among adolescents. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales for Youth (DASS-Y) is a newly developed instrument designed to assess these problems in adolescents.

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Article Details

Title:
Validation and psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale for Youth in Chinese adolescents.

Author(s):
Jiang J; Chen J; Lin Z; Tang X; Hu Z

Summary:
Depression and anxiety are common mental health issues for young people. The DASS-Y tool was made to help understand these problems better in kids and teens.

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pubmed id: 39610453 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Cluttering is a speech disorder distinct from stuttering. Despite this distinction, there is no established method to clearly differentiate the two disorders. This study aimed to use objective criteria to differentiate cluttering from stuttering in Japanese speakers.

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Article Details

Title:
Speech characteristics that differentiate stuttering and cluttering in Japanese speakers.

Author(s):
Tomisato S; Mori T; Asano K; Iimura D; Yada Y; Takahashi S; Wasano K; Kono T; Ozawa H

Summary:
Cluttering and stuttering are two different speech problems, but it's hard to tell them apart. The study tried to find clear ways to tell the difference in people who speak Japanese.

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pubmed id: 39610452 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Developing self-directed learning in undergraduate nursing students affects not only their learning and their lives, but also their future professional development and the quality of their future practice in clinical nursing. Hence, it is paramount to prioritize and cultivate self-directed learning capabilities among undergraduate nursing students, as this not only enhances their academic pursuits but also equips them with essential lifelong learning skills crucial for the dynamic healthcare landscape.

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Article Details

Title:
An in-depth analysis of the personal factors and their pathways in shaping self-directed learning abilities among undergraduate nursing students.

Author(s):
Li X; Wang M; Feng X; Yin X; Liang J

Summary:
Helping nursing students learn by themselves is very important. It makes them better at learning and helps them become better nurses in the future.

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pubmed id: 39610451 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This systematic review examines the influence of emotions on strategic decision-making in business context, from the perspective of behavioral strategy. We examined 1,227 articles from two databases (Web of Science and PsycInfo), and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample resulted in 43 articles. Our systematic review focuses on the role of emotions in strategic decision-making as well as the decision-making process itself. This systematic review explores research using a variety of approaches and a combination of theoretical and empirical perspectives brought by the literature. It aims to address three main questions: how board members' emotions influence their decision-making; what insights behavioral strategy provides on the emotional aspect of strategic decision-making; and what are the main theories linking emotions to strategic decision-making in the business context. The results demonstrate how emotions can affect the quality of decisions and imply that conflict resolution and emotional intelligence are relevant skills for making strategic decisions. This analysis supports the need for incorporating emotional insights into strategic planning methods by considering agreeable and divergent points of view.

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Article Details

Title:
Emotions and decision-making in boardrooms-a systematic review from behavioral strategy perspective.

Author(s):
Hasson Marques R; Violant-Holz V; Damião da Silva E

Summary:
This study looks at how feelings affect decisions in business. It shows that emotions can change how good decisions are and says it's important to understand feelings when planning strategies. It also talks about the skills needed to manage emotions well when making important choices.

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pubmed id: 39610450 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

China's implementation of athletic naturalization has sparked controversy, yet empirical studies on the factors influencing public attitudes toward naturalized athletes remain scarce. This study aims to address this gap by constructing a theoretical model based on social identity theory, examining the impact of various psychological variables on respondents' attitudes toward naturalized athletes in China's national teams.

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Article Details

Title:
Impact of perceived threats, benefits, and athlete brand image on attitudes toward naturalized athletes in the context of China.

Author(s):
Lu H; Liu D; Pu H; Persaud AR

Summary:
China's plan to let people from other countries play on their sports teams has caused some debate. This study tries to understand what makes people feel one way or another about these players by looking at how different thoughts and feelings affect their opinions.

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pubmed id: 39610449 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

There is growing evidence of the connection between variations in kinship intensity and cross-cultural differences in psychological traits. Contributing to this literature on kinship intensity, we put forward a mental model to explain the enduring connection between ancestral niche and psychological traits. Our model posits that two primary orientations or dispositions-strong-ties and weak-ties rationalities-have co-evolved with our ancestral niches to perpetuate-by internalizing and reproducing-the social structure (such as preferences for certain attitudes, values, and beliefs) of the ancestral niche. The findings from 1,291 participants across four societies-China, India, Taiwan, and the United States-support our hypothesis that strong-ties (weak-ties) rationalities, when activated, will endorse strong-tie (weak-ties) values and beliefs. This proposed model contributes to the toolbox of cultural and cross-cultural psychology in a twofold sense: First, in addition to the index of kinship intensity, it offers a measure of kin-based rationality as another predictor of psychological traits; second, it renders intelligible the niche and rationality disconnect prevalent in the globalizing era.

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Article Details

Title:
Strong-ties and weak-ties rationalities: toward a mental model of the consequences of kinship intensity.

Author(s):
Yeh KH; Terpstra Tong J; Ting RS; Bond MH; Khosla M; Yadav VP; Shukla S; Liu C; Sundararajan L

Summary:
The research paper talks about how family relationships can affect people's minds and behaviors in different cultures. It suggests that depending on whether people rely more on strong or weak family connections, they prefer different values and beliefs. The study looked at people from China, India, Taiwan, and the United States to see how these ideas work in real life.

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pubmed id: 39610448 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

To evaluate the longitudinal association of sedentary behavior, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) participation with depressive symptoms and whether their possible association changed depending on the pandemic phase.

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Title:
Pre- and post-COVID 19 outbreak relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in Spanish adults with major depressive disorder: a secondary analysis of the RADAR-MDD cohort study.

Author(s):
Ibáñez D; Condominas E; Haro JM; Vázquez IG; Radar-Mdd-Spain; Bailón R; Garcia E; Kontaxis S; Peñarrubia-Maria MT; Arranz B; Llaosa-Scholten R; Gardeñes L; Hotopf M; Matcham F; Lamers F; Penninx BWJH; Annas P; Folarin A; Narayan V; Lima RA; Siddi S

Summary:
The study looked at how sitting and different levels of exercise were linked to feeling sad over time and if these links changed during different parts of the pandemic.

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pubmed id: 39606213 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

One factor associated with rising rates of depression and anxiety among youth is a lack of meaning in life (MIL). The importance of living a meaningful and purposeful life cannot be overstressed, especially for adolescents who are in a critical life stage and have recently experienced a 3-year-long global health crisis, namely the COVID-19 pandemic. Although previous studies have examined adolescents' MIL, the majority of them adopted a variable-centered approach. The present study adopts a person-centered approach to investigate the updated MIL among Chinese adolescents in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demographic factors related to profile classification, and the differences in mental health among adolescents in different MIL classes.

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Title:
Everyone is searching for it and those who acquired it enjoy better mental health: a latent profile analysis of Chinese adolescents' meaning in life.

Author(s):
Zhou X; Yu L; Deng C; Ren Y; Du M

Summary:
The study looks at how Chinese teenagers feel about the meaning of life after the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on how these feelings affect their mental health and the factors that might change their sense of life's meaning.

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pubmed id: 39606211 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has faced students with many challenges, contributing to their mental distress. This article explores the role of demographic characteristics, psychological status, year of study, and social support during the COVID-19 pandemic in explaining Slovenian university students' mental health problems and help-seeking behavior.

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Article Details

Title:
Depression, anxiety, and help-seeking among Slovenian postsecondary students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author(s):
Selak Š; Lebar M; Žvelc G; Gabrovec B; Šorgo A; Cesar K; Crnkovič N

Summary:
The COVID-19 pandemic has made many students feel stressed and upset. This study looks at how different things like age, feelings, school year, and having friends or family support can affect Slovenian university students' mental health and if they ask for help.

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pubmed id: 39606210 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Chat GPT technology plays a pivotal role in global educational innovation and the enhancement of the quality of teaching and learning. In the field of education research, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of GPT technology, teacher acceptance, and student engagement in depth. To date, few studies have considered the compounding effects of these factors on teacher burnout from the perspectives of psychology and behavioral sciences in conjunction with the dichotomous and complex relationship between teachers and students. Consequently, based on the findings of previous scholars, this study constructed a cross-layer chain mediation model based on the SOR and EASI models. This model was used to explore how different motivators affect the alleviation of teacher burnout through psychological and behavioral mechanisms. The study involved 47 teachers and 506 students from 10 universities. The findings of the study indicated that (1) the direct effect of GPT integration degree on teacher burnout was not statistically significant, and (2) the classroom atmosphere played a pivotal mediating role in the relationship between GPT integration degree and teacher burnout. (3) The degree of GPT integration degree exerts an indirect and orderly negative influence on teacher burnout through behavioral engagement and classroom atmosphere. The objective of this study is to further enhance our comprehension of the utilization of GPT technology in education and to provide strategic recommendations for its advancement in educational practice.

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Title:
Cracking the code of teacher burnout: the chain mediation of GPT integration degree through behavioral engagement and classroom atmosphere in a cross-level chain mediation model.

Author(s):
Chen B; Chen B; Ren S; Li B; Liu H; Jiang G

Summary:
This study looked at how using Chat GPT technology in schools affects teachers and students. It found that while GPT doesn't directly lower teacher burnout, it helps when the classroom atmosphere is good. The study suggests ways to better use GPT tech to improve teaching and learning.

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pubmed id: 39606209 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This paper introduces Karen Barad's philosophical framework of agential realism as an alternative philosophy of science perspective for quantitative psychology and measurement. Agential realism offers a rethinking of the research object, measurement process and outcome, causality, and the researcher's responsibility by proposing an ethico-epistem-ontological understanding of material-discursive practices that co-construct our world. The contemporary, canonical underlying philosophy of science perspective of quantitative psychology entails entity realism, a difference between ontic existence and epistemic approaches, complete causality, and determinism. Consequently, the researcher has no responsibility for the characteristics of a research object. The paper introduces agential realism and its assumptions about rejecting entity realism but a particular understanding of phenomena, the entanglement of ontic existence and epistemic approaches, and the researcher's role in co-creating an outcome. A reworking of the concept of causality implies newly emerging possibilities for realizations. Subsequently, the paper addresses four consequences of applying agential realism in quantitative psychology. (1) If there is indeterminacy in every phenomenon, researchers do not search for one true score but assume a realization potential, which has implications for comparisons and replications. (2) If configurations are part of things-in-phenomena, then context does not work as a third variable; instead, all 'parts' are co-creators. This entanglement must be considered in replications instead of trying to eliminate its impact. (3) Agential realism encompasses the researchers' responsibility to justify decisions made in a research project and to clarify ethics. (4) Overall, agential realism alters the research endeavor by asking new questions and interpreting research outcomes differently. Further directions point towards concrete tasks like methodological questions and the necessity within psychology to elaborate further on the conceptualizations initiated by Barad.

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Article Details

Title:
Agential realism as an alternative philosophy of science perspective for quantitative psychology.

Author(s):
Scholz J

Summary:
This paper talks about a new way of thinking called agential realism for science and psychology. It suggests that everything, like the objects we study and how we measure them, is connected and made together. It also says that researchers have a responsibility for their work and that it changes the way they ask questions and understand results.

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pubmed id: 39606208 Indexed on February 9th, 2025