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Abstract

Psychedelic compounds such as LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT can dramatically alter visual perception. However, the extent to which visual effects of psychedelics consistently vary for different substances is an open question. The visual effects of a given psychedelic compound can range widely both across and within individuals, so datasets with large numbers of participants and descriptions of qualitative effects are required to adequately address this question with the necessary sensitivity.

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Article Details

Title:
A novel method for quantitative analysis of subjective experience reports: application to psychedelic visual experiences.

Author(s):
Noah S; Shen M; Erowid E; Erowid F; Silver M

Summary:
Psychedelic drugs like LSD and others can change how people see things. Scientists still don't fully understand how these effects differ for each drug. To learn more, they need lots of people to describe their experiences.

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pubmed id: 39712538 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

We trialed a novel method aimed at reducing educational inequalities in any given school by tailoring an intervention to address the specific local social, cultural, and psychological barriers that contribute to those inequalities. In Study 1 (N = 2070), we validated measures in a student survey of barriers experienced by students ages 11-16 years in two schools in England. We used a pilot version of these measures to identify two barriers that appeared to be contributing in both schools to poorer attendance and behavioral records of Black versus Asian students and of lower socioeconomic status (SES) students versus higher SES students. These barriers consisted of perceptions that (a) the schools were biased against certain groups of students and that there were negative stereotypes about certain groups of students, and (b) teachers and students did not come from similar backgrounds. In Study 2, which was pre-registered, we administered a brief tailored intervention to target these barriers in students ages 11-14 years in the same two schools the following year (N = 1070). The intervention, which aimed to induce values affirmation and reveal hidden teacher-student similarities, improved the attendance of low-SES students by 0.20 SD (p = .009) and reduced the gap with their peers by 60%. Exploratory analyses indicated that the improvement in attendance was larger for students who reported perceiving greater levels of bias and poorer teacher-student relationships at baseline. The impact of the intervention on the behavioral records of Black students (p = .089) and low-SES students (p = .293) was not significant. These qualified but encouraging findings provide a basis for developing practical ways for individual schools to improve outcomes for their historically disadvantaged students.

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Article Details

Title:
Context matters: Diagnosing and targeting local barriers to success at school.

Author(s):
Hadden IR; Harris PR; Easterbrook MJ

Summary:
Researchers tried a new method to help schools by focusing on local problems that make it harder for some groups of students to do well. They found that students thought schools were unfair or teachers were different from them, and made a plan to help students feel better about themselves and find things in common with teachers. The method helped some students go to school more, but didn't change behavior records much.

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pubmed id: 39710440 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Many autistic people want to work but have trouble finding jobs they like and can stick with. Most research tries to help more autistic people get jobs, but does not look at whether those jobs are fulfilling, or how people progress once they start working. We spoke to 18 autistic people about their experiences at work, and their ideas about success at work. Participants said finding fulfilment in their careers was key. We found five common 'themes' across the interviews. First, autistic people's careers often take unexpected turns. For example, many participants only got diagnosed as adults, which sometimes changed their work plans. Second, autistic people might need ongoing help with their career, including help with finding jobs they would enjoy and be good at, and advice on how to progress in their job. Third, getting along with others at work is really important. Having supportive colleagues helped our participants thrive, but workplace bullying forced some to leave their jobs. Fourth, workplaces need to be welcoming to everybody. Adjustments and understanding managers helped, but many of our participants' workplaces were not inclusive. Finally, bad work experiences can be devastating for mental health and well-being and negative experiences like bullying led some participants to quit working entirely. Our findings show that lifelong support tailored to each person and welcoming workplaces are important for autistic people to thrive at work. It is not enough to just hire autistic people - we need to help them have jobs they like and can stick with long-term.

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Article Details

Title:
'I did what I could to earn some money and be of use': A qualitative exploration of autistic people's journeys to career success and fulfilment.

Author(s):
Davies J; Melinek R; Livesey A; Killick E; Sam E; Romualdez AM; Pellicano E; Remington A

Summary:
Many autistic people want to have jobs they enjoy and can keep. They need help finding and keeping these jobs, and it's important that their workplaces are welcoming and supportive. Bullying and bad work experiences can be very harmful, so lifelong support and understanding from colleagues and managers are crucial.

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pubmed id: 39704020 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

We conducted a six-center, prospective, randomized, open-label trial to assess whether an early standardized educational protocol provided from 42 to 48 months of age improved the progression of oral language and phonological development in children born preterm. A total of 552 children with phonological fragility were included in this study. The children were randomized to receive the educational protocol (guided arm,  = 87) or not (non-guided arm,  = 78). In the guided arm, the oral language development used a short "say and do" type educational protocol designed to maintain visual attention and train the developmental phonology/lexicon/morphosyntax structural links. In contrast, a conservative approach was used in the non-guided arm. A total of 70 guided and 73 non-guided children completed the study. After 6 months, the educated children showed a non-significant increase in their phonology score ( = 0.37), while the variations in the scores of the expressive lexicon (secondary endpoints) were significantly improved ( = 0.0008). We conclude that the short, standardized stimulation of the sensorimotor aspects of language in children born very preterm increased the expressive lexicon. This protocol improved the language of the premature children, especially those with minimal motor skills, with more significant improvement in the phonological scores.

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Article Details

Title:
Impact of an early educational protocol on the oral language of children born preterm exhibiting phonological fragility: a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Author(s):
Charollais A; Laudenbach V; Stumpf MH; Delaporte B; Datin-Dorriere V; Debillon T; De Barace C; Flechelles O; Farmer M

Summary:
Researchers studied how a teaching plan affects young kids born early with language problems. They found those following the plan spoke better after six months compared to those who didn't use it. The kids in the program improved more in using words.

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pubmed id: 39703879 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) presents a promising avenue for treating acrophobia through Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET). This paper explores the current state of VRET for acrophobia, identifying significant technological and practical barriers that limit its effectiveness and hinder widespread adoption. Key challenges include the need for more advanced and realistic user experiences, and for the integration of biofeedback mechanisms. Additionally, the role of therapists remains crucial, as therapist-led VRET sessions demonstrate better outcomes compared to automated interventions. The potential of Collaborative Immersive Virtual Environments (CIVEs) to enhance VRET by simulating real-life interactions and improving patient-therapist engagement is also discussed. Future research should focus on developing comprehensive guidelines for CIVE design and evaluating integrated VRET and CIVE systems for treating phobias, including acrophobia. Addressing these issues will enhance the therapeutic experience, making VRET a more effective and accessible tool for treating acrophobia.

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Article Details

Title:
Using iVR to deliver optimal psychotherapy experience-current perspectives on VRET for acrophobia.

Author(s):
Kvapil Varšová K; Juřík V

Summary:
Some research shows that Virtual Reality can help people who are afraid of heights, but there are some problems, like needing better technology and still needing a therapist to help. Working together in groups using Virtual Reality might make the therapy even better. More studies are needed to find the best ways to use this technology to help people.

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pubmed id: 39703878 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of intergenerational support and activities of daily living (ADL) on psychological distress in older adults, and to analyse the effects of the interaction between ADL and intergenerational support on psychological distress in older adults.

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Article Details

Title:
Intergenerational support, activities of daily living, and the interaction on psychological distress in older adults.

Author(s):
Zheng J; Xu J; Wu Y; Xu S; Gao Y

Summary:
This study looks at how help and everyday activities affect stress in older people. It also studies how these two things together change stress levels in older adults.

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pubmed id: 39703877 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Self-determination theory (SDT) highlights the importance of satisfying people's basic psychological needs (BPN) (autonomy, competence and relatedness) in order to ensure their personal growth and wellbeing. In this regard, sport and physical activity (PA) have been shown to offer significant health benefits, particularly in the case of people with intellectual disability (ID), among whom the benefits are even more noticeable owing to their low levels of PA, sedentary lifestyle, limited opportunities to exercise, and consequently lower quality of life. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the Más Que Tenis ("More Than Just Tennis") inclusive recreational sports programme on the satisfaction of BPN among athletes with ID, taking into account factors such as age, gender and type of activity.

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Article Details

Title:
Satisfying basic psychological needs through a recreational sports programme for people with intellectual disability: human growth and adapted sport in focus.

Author(s):
Crespo-Eguílaz N; Gambra L; Varela A; Fraguela-Vale R

Summary:
This study looks at how playing sports can help people feel happier and healthier. It focuses on a program called "Más Que Tenis" ("More Than Just Tennis") that helps people with intellectual disabilities by getting them to play more and feel good about themselves.

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pubmed id: 39703876 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Positive psychology has introduced the concept of character strengths, which are positive traits fundamental to well-being and mental health. Research on university students has shown that these strengths impact psychoeducational variables and personal functioning, acting as a protective factor in the general and student populations. This study aims to analyze the predictive relationships between character strengths and general self-efficacy and determine their joint contribution in predicting academic self-efficacy. The study was quantitative, correlational-causal, and cross-sectional, using a non-probabilistic sample of 668 Venezuelan university students (68.86% women, average age of 20.52 years). The scales used are Growing Strong to measure character strengths, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Self-Efficacy Scale in Specific Academic Situations. All scales showed adequate psychometric properties. The mediation analysis revealed that leadership, hope, and persistence positively influence general and academic self-efficacy. Furthermore, general self-efficacy strongly impacts academic self-efficacy. In conclusion, character strengths are significant predictors of self-efficacy in university students. Promoting these strengths may be crucial to improving general and academic self-efficacy, suggesting the need to implement specific initiatives in higher education.

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Article Details

Title:
Character strengths as predictors of general and academic self-efficacy in university students.

Author(s):
García-Álvarez D; Cobo-Rendón R; Lobos K

Summary:
The study looked at how positive traits called character strengths help students feel confident in themselves and do well in school. It found that strengths like leadership, hope, and persistence make students believe in themselves more. Teaching these character strengths could help students feel even more confident and do better in school.

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pubmed id: 39703875 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

While cities are attractive places, brimming with opportunities and possibilities for their inhabitants, they have also been found to have negative consequences, especially on physical and mental health. In a world of ever-growing urban populations, it is important to understand how to make cities healthier and more pleasant places to live. In the present study, we investigated the impact of art as an urban intervention and compared it to the well-known effects of greenery (i.e., plants and vegetation) in an identically framed intervention. Specifically, we looked at how people engage with a Graetzloase (a type of parklet) and its embedding urban environment in terms of visual and spatial attraction as well as wellbeing. The Graetzloase displayed either abstract art or greenery and was placed on two distinct streets that, among other elements, also contained art and greenery. Our field study captured the ongoing experiences during people's exploration of the urban environment by employing mobile eye-trackers and physiological devices. While our findings demonstrated a certain level of visual and spatial attraction towards the Graetzloases, it was not as pronounced as initially anticipated. Nevertheless, our analyses still inform on decorating element should be placed in a Graetzloase, as well as to implement the Graetzloase. Our results suggest that artistic elements are more visually attractive (i.e., they were looked at for longer times) than the greenery, and that both visual and spatial attraction towards the Graetzloases are greatly impacted by the street context. We found that the Art Graetzloase when displayed in a wide street containing greenery elements, is visually more present in the participant's visual field than all the other experimental combinations. The more precise analyses of the participant viewing behavior confirm this trend. Regarding wellbeing, we found no evidence for the impact of street context or the types of decorations in the Graetzloases. Our results establish an initial empirical foundation for the design and placement of not only future parklets but also urban art interventions in general.

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Article Details

Title:
Exploring the influence of urban art interventions on attraction and wellbeing: an empirical field experiment.

Author(s):
Dehove M; Mikuni J; Podolin N; Moser MK; Resch B; Doerrzapf L; Boehm PM; Prager K; Leder H; Oberzaucher E

Summary:
Cities can be fun but also make people feel stressed and unhealthy. This study explored how art and plants in small park areas called Graetzloases can make city streets look nicer and help people feel better. They found that people looked more at art than plants, but neither seemed to change how people felt.

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pubmed id: 39703874 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Perception and perceptual memory play crucial roles in fear generalization, yet their dynamic interaction remains understudied. This research (N = 80) explored their relationship through a classical differential conditioning experiment. Results revealed that while fear context perception fluctuates over time with a drift effect, perceptual memory remains stable, creating a disjunction between the two systems. Surprisingly, this disjunction does not significantly impact fear generalization behavior. Although most participants demonstrated generalization aligned with perceptual rather than physical stimulus distances, incorporating perceptual memory data into perceptual distance calculations did not enhance model performance. This suggests a potential shift in the mapping of the perceptual memory component of fear context, occurring alongside perceptual dynamics. Overall, this work provides evidence for understanding fear generalization behavior through different stimulus representational processes. Such mechanistic investigations can enhance our understanding of how individuals behave when facing threats and potentially aid in developing mechanism-specific diagnoses and treatments.

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Article Details

Title:
The representational instability in the generalization of fear learning.

Author(s):
Yu K; Vanpaemel W; Tuerlinckx F; Zaman J

Summary:
This study looked at how people remember and feel fear over time. It found that while feelings of fear change, the memory of those feelings stays the same. Even though these two things are different, they don’t change how people act when they are scared.

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pubmed id: 39702746 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Increasingly, there are calls for educational equity to explicitly include LGBTQ+ students, including the creation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) clubs, or Genders and Sexualities Alliances (GSAs), which are associated with positive outcomes for LGBTQ+ students and promote a safer school climate for all students. However, less is known about strategies to initiate and sustain GSAs. Chicago Public Schools (CPS) serves as a case study of how to embrace LGBTQ+ equity through an evaluation of its current practices to support GSAs.

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Article Details

Title:
Initiating and Sustaining GSAs Across the District as Part of a Vision for Equity: A Case Study in Chicago Public Schools.

Author(s):
Jarpe-Ratner E; Little D; Benomar N; Magdaleno JD; Belcher K; Liu J; Marshall B

Summary:
Schools are trying to be fair by including LGBTQ+ students and starting clubs called GSAs, which help everyone feel safer at school. Chicago Public Schools are being studied to see how they support these clubs and make sure all kids feel included.

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pubmed id: 39701812 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Cognitive motivation (COM) in conjunction with self-regulation (SR) was demonstrated to be positively linked to mental health in educational and clinical contexts. We introduce COM and SR in the occupational context and hypothesize these traits-based on their conceptual link to hardiness - to counteract health-risking stressors. Data from two large cross-sectional studies in Germany comprise a sample of 1,022 psychosomatic rehabilitation in-patients and a healthy sample of 298 employees of various occupations. Using bootstrapping in correlation analyses, we found in both samples COM and SR to be especially associated with an active, meaningful, and persistent coping style (0.31 ≤  ≤ 0.57). Analyses via structural equation modeling found COM cross-sectionally predicting occupational coping via SR in both samples. We discuss COM and SR as personal resources with respect to Conservation of Resources Theory and provide ideas for promoting these variables in patients and employees.

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Article Details

Title:
The role of cognitive motivation and self-regulation in coping with occupational demands.

Author(s):
Hoff I; Farkas A; Melicherova U; Köllner V; Hoyer J; Strobel A; Strobel A

Summary:
The study looked at how thinking skills and self-control help people stay healthy even when they are stressed at work. Researchers studied two groups of people in Germany and found that those with strong thinking skills and self-control can cope better with stress. These skills are like personal tools that help protect a person's health and can be encouraged in both patients and workers.

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pubmed id: 39698393 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study examines asymmetric preference reversals in intertemporal decision-making by comparing gain and loss contexts across choice and bidding tasks. In the gain context, participants preferred smaller, sooner (SS) rewards in choice tasks but assigned higher valuations to larger, later (LL) rewards in bidding tasks. Conversely, in the loss context, they showed a preference for LL options in choice tasks but provided lower bids for SS options. Bidding tasks consistently required longer decision times than choice tasks, indicating greater cognitive demands during valuation processes. A real-world questionnaire involving 370 participants validated these findings across economic and health-related scenarios. These results underscore the role of task formats in shaping preferences, offering practical insights for refining strategies in behavioral decision-making and applied contexts.

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Article Details

Title:
Preference reversal in intertemporal decision making.

Author(s):
Zhou YB; Zhang K; Zhai HK; Bao Q; Xiao S; Dang J

Summary:
This study looked at how people make decisions about receiving or losing money at different times. People chose smaller, sooner rewards when picking, but valued bigger, later rewards higher when bidding. When losing, they picked to lose more later but didn't want to bid much on losing less sooner.

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pubmed id: 39698392 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study aimed to create and validate a novel measure of gender-related minority stress in transgender and non-binary adolescents (TNBA). TNBA face higher risks of varied behavioral health concerns compared to their cisgender peers, a disparity often attributed to the presence of minority stress due to discrimination. To date, no comprehensive measures of gender-related minority stress exist for use with TNBA.

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Article Details

Title:
Development and validation of the Transgender Adolescent Stress Survey-Minority Stress (TASS-MS).

Author(s):
Goldbach JT; Schrager SM; Wood JK; O'Brien RP; Dunlap SL; Rhoades H

Summary:
The study created a new tool to understand stress related to gender for transgender and non-binary young people. They usually face more mental and health problems because of stress from being treated differently. There wasn't a good way to measure this stress before.

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pubmed id: 39698391 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Previous neuroimaging studies on bilingualism revealed that individuals tend to apply their native-language (L1) neural strategies to second language (L2) learning and processing. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how the utilization of the L1 neural strategies affects visual word learning in a new language.

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Article Details

Title:
Greater neural pattern similarity to the native language is associated with better novel word learning.

Author(s):
Feng Y; Li A; Qu J; Li H; Liu X; Zhang J; Yang J; Mei L

Summary:
Scientists have learned that when people try to learn a new language, they often use the same brain strategies they use for their first language. However, it is not clear how this affects learning to read and understand new words in the new language.

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pubmed id: 39698390 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Health workers directly involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with COVID-19 are at risk of developing mental health symptoms.

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Article Details

Title:
Mental health variables affecting Quality of Life (QOL) among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia.

Author(s):
Alfaifi AJ; Abdaly AY; Alallah SM; Zaino M; El-Setouhy M

Summary:
Health workers who help people with COVID-19 can have mental health problems. They might feel very worried or sad because of their jobs.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39698389 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between personal values, truth-related values and emotions among Turkish teachers. The Schwartz's Value Theory and Frenzel's teacher emotion model were used as the theoretical framework. This study used a cross-sectional correlational research design. The data were collected from 279 teachers with the Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ) where rational truth and non-rational truth values were added, and with the Teacher Emotions Scale (TES). The circular structure of the Schwartz Value Theory was tested by multidimensional scaling. The data analysis aimed to uncover relationships between personal values, truth-related values, and emotions. Rational truth emerged near self-direction and self-transcendence, yet items measuring non-rational truth were scattered among values. Females had higher regard for self-direction and hedonism than males. Non-rational truth was negatively correlated with enjoyment, while it was positively correlated with anxiety. The implications for gender roles in Turkish society are discussed.

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Article Details

Title:
Turkish teachers' values with rational and non-rational truth and teacher emotions in teaching.

Author(s):
Ünal K; Myyry L; Toom A

Summary:
This study looked at how Turkish teachers' values and emotions are connected. It found that different types of truth values relate differently to emotions and that men and women value some things differently. The results show how these differences might be linked to gender roles in society.

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pubmed id: 39698388 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The multiple cognitive, somatic, and behavioral changes following head injuries can result in expressive language difficulties that may not be resolved quickly. This paper explores the traumatic brain injury and post-concussive syndrome artwork created by an art therapist and the child of an art therapist, making the invisible neurological consequences of head injuries visible. Our first-person and caregiver perspectives offer examples of visual arts-based communication between patients, health professionals, and family members. Utilizing client imagery as a form of communication may improve patient outcomes through the identification and resultant treatment of overlooked and underdiagnosed symptoms. Experiences such as confusion, fear, localized pain, and mood lability stem not only from the injury itself, but from the experience of damaged microstructures that are often undetectable in standard diagnostic testing. Additionally, symptoms such as temperature and appetite dysregulation, vestibular and proprioceptive disruptions, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders evade standard diagnostic inventories. This may prompt the patient to question the reality of their somatic and cognitive experiences. Research supports the position of the authors: these experiences can be communicated through client imagery, expediting healing and improving overall health. In the spontaneously created art traversing child and adult stages of development, we discovered multiple prevalent themes within the imagery too numerous to ignore. Practice recommendations will be discussed for both art therapists and interprofessional healthcare collaborators concerning the use of imagery and visual expression when working with those who have sustained traumatic brain injuries.

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Article Details

Title:
Art therapy and brain injury: making the invisible visible.

Author(s):
Wolf DR; Rattigan MD

Summary:
Head injuries can cause problems with talking and understanding that don't go away easily. This paper talks about how making art can help people who are hurt, doctors, and family members communicate better. Art can show how people feel and help doctors know what's wrong, which can make patients feel better faster.

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pubmed id: 39698387 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Medical students are confronted with a complex stress environment, encompassing academic challenges, residency training, and future workplace pressures. Therefore, the exploration of effective psychological capital intervention strategies is crucial for enhancing their mental health and promoting career development.

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Article Details

Title:
Comparative analysis of cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy in enhancing psychological capital among medical students: a randomized controlled trial.

Author(s):
Dong C; Zhao J; Wei Y; Wu D; Cai Z

Summary:
Medical students deal with a lot of stress from school and their future jobs. It is important to find ways to help them feel better and succeed in their careers.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39698386 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study aims to explore the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between physical exercise and the sense of security among junior high school students, with a particular focus on variations based on only-child status.

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Article Details

Title:
The mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between physical exercise and sense of security among left-behind junior high school students: multi-group comparative analysis of only children and children with siblings.

Author(s):
Xia Q; Liu Q; Qin G

Summary:
The study looks at how being strong in your mind can help kids feel safer when they exercise. It also checks if being an only child makes a difference in this.

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pubmed id: 39698385 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study investigates the association between conscientiousness and emotional intelligence (EI) in Paralympic athletes. A sample of 274 athletes (190 male, 84 female) was analyzed using the Schutte EI Scale and a Conscientiousness scale from the Big Five Personality Traits. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between EI and conscientiousness, with EI explaining 28% of the variance in conscientiousness ( < 0.05). Specifically, optimism and mood regulation demonstrated a high positive correlation with conscientiousness (r = 0.501), while assessing feelings showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.391), and using feelings revealed a low positive correlation (r = 0.120). Gender-based analysis revealed that female athletes scored significantly higher in emotional usage. These findings suggest that promoting EI in Paralympic athletes could enhance conscientiousness, potentially benefiting their resilience and psychological stability. Future research should explore longitudinal designs to examine these associations further.

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Article Details

Title:
Unveiling the associations between conscientiousness and emotional intelligence in Paralympic athletes.

Author(s):
Sarikabak M; Ayranci M; Yalcin I; Talaghir LG; Bentea CC

Summary:
This study looked at how being responsible and understanding feelings is related for Paralympic athletes. It found that being good with feelings can help athletes be more responsible. It also showed that girl athletes are better at using their feelings than boys.

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pubmed id: 39698384 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study examines the differences and relationships among urban residents' physical exercise attitudes, physical activity levels, and sports consumption demands, focusing on how physical activity mediates the relationship between exercise attitudes and consumption behaviors.

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Article Details

Title:
The relationship between urban residents' physical exercise attitudes and sports consumption demands: the mediating role of physical activity level.

Author(s):
Chen W; Zhou B; Peng B; Li L

Summary:
This study looks at how people in the city feel about exercise, how much they actually exercise, and what they buy related to sports. It also tries to find out if exercising helps connect how people feel about exercise with what they buy.

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pubmed id: 39698383 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This cohort study aimed to explore whether and to what extent alexithymia would be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk over an estimated 10-year period, over and above established clinical cofactors (i.e., depressive symptoms, quality of life, sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and biological data), in a low-risk population of blood donors.

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Article Details

Title:
Alexithymia and estimated 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in healthy adults: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Author(s):
Vadini F; Lanzara R; Iuliani O; Affaitati GP; Porcelli P

Summary:
This study looked at whether having trouble understanding and expressing emotions, called alexithymia, could affect the risk of heart disease over 10 years, even when other health-related factors are considered. It was done with a group of people who donate blood and are generally at low risk for heart disease.

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pubmed id: 39698381 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

As most studies focus on the initial adaptation of culturally tailored parenting programs in real-world settings, scalability and sustainability remain understudied. In this study, we used normalization process theory (NPT) as a conceptual framework to identify and understand the contextual factors impacting the scalability and sustainability of a culturally tailored parenting program, Ladnaan, in three Swedish municipalities.

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Article Details

Title:
Using normalisation process theory to identify factors facilitating the scaling up of parenting programs for immigrant parents.

Author(s):
Osman F; Schön UK; Salari R

Summary:
This study looked at how a special parenting program called Ladnaan can grow and last over time in different places. They used a theory called NPT to help figure out what makes it easier or harder to keep the program going in three towns in Sweden.

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pubmed id: 39698380 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Caring for stroke survivors poses significant challenges to survivors and caregivers; understanding these relationships can inform targeted interventions and support systems.

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Article Details

Title:
Family resilience and social support as mediators of caregiver burden and capacity in stroke caregivers: a cross-sectional study.

Author(s):
Xu Q; Ma J; Zhang Y; Gan J

Summary:
Taking care of people who have had a stroke is tough for both the people who had the stroke and those who help them. If we learn more about how they get along, we can create better ways to help them.

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pubmed id: 39698379 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The primary motor cortex (M1) is crucial for motor skill learning. We examined its role in interleaved practice, which enhances retention (vs. repetitive practice) through M1-dependent consolidation. We hypothesized that cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) to M1 would disrupt retention. We found that ctDCS reduced retention due to weakened encoding during acquisition, not disrupted consolidation. These results highlight M1's broad role in encoding and retention of novel motor skills.

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Article Details

Title:
M1 recruitment during interleaved practice is important for encoding, not just consolidation, of skill memory.

Author(s):
Kim T; Kim H; Philip BA; Wright DL

Summary:
The primary motor cortex (M1) is important for learning motor skills. The study found that certain brain stimulation can affect how well skills are remembered. This shows that M1 plays a big role in learning and remembering new skills.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39695110 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

After a cancer diagnosis, life is accompanied by worries, concerns and fears that the disease will recur or worsen. These can be normal and useful reactions but may also become so severe that they interfere with everyday functioning. A challenge for patient care is that the theoretical similarity of these reactions, is not consistently conceptualized in practice, hence the empirical comparability of their measures is unclear. Here we intend to show that the theoretical similarity is also empirically justified, and we present a common metric in graphical form that allows direct comparisons between different questionnaires. A total of 1,733 cancer patients completed the Fear of Progression Questionnaire Short Form, Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients-revised version, Concerns About Recurrence Questionnaire, the subscales Health Distress and Negative Health Outlook of the EORTC QLQ-SURV100, and the Whiteley Index. Using a model based on item response theory, we linked the score values of the individual questionnaires. The main outcome of this study is a diagram that can be used to convert the respective values of eight questionnaires on health anxiety to another. All instruments showed a reliability above 0.75 near the mean health anxiety level. The common metric can be used to compare measurements with these questionnaires in terms of the level of health anxiety. Additionally, the reliability of the instruments can be judged at different levels of anxiety. This allows for a better comparability of test results and facilitates communication about the results among experts and with patients.

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Article Details

Title:
A common metric for questionnaires on health anxiety in cancer patients.

Author(s):
Friedrich M; Schulte T; Malburg M; Hinz A

Summary:
After people find out they have cancer, they can feel scared and worried about getting sicker. Doctors and researchers made a chart that helps them understand different ways to measure how worried people are. This chart helps compare different tests about health worries and share results with others.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39691670 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This randomized controlled trial aimed to address a knowledge gap concerning the mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of gratitude interventions. Specifically, we investigated how various response expectancies (positive, ambiguous + negative, and no expectancy) impact the efficacy of the "counting blessings" intervention in influencing positive and negative emotions. Additionally, the study explores how optimism levels (high, medium, low) interact with these expectancies to influence intervention efficacy.

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Article Details

Title:
A randomized trial investigating the impact of response expectancy on the counting blessings intervention: the role of optimism as a moderator.

Author(s):
Predatu P; David D; Kirsch I; Florean IS; Predatu R

Summary:
This study looked at how thinking about things you're thankful for can make you feel happier or less happy. They changed what people expected to happen and also looked at how being hopeful helped or didn't help.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39691669 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Cognitive abilities are closely related to social emotional competences (SEC). These abilities are important foundations in order to adapt to school, interact with peers and adults, as well as to navigate the wider socio-cultural context in which one develops. Further, young children are also acquiring and deepening their language and preliteracy skills which are important for later academic learning. Central to cognitive abilities are the processes that enable deliberate and goal-oriented actions, which fall under the conceptual umbrella of executive functions (EFs). In this study, we applied a conceptually broad perspective to examine cognitive abilities, preliteracy and SEC in preschool aged children. Children were participants in an intervention trial of the preschool edition of Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS) conducted in preschools located in three municipalities within a large city in Sweden. Pre-test data were used to examine cognitive abilities and SEC in this sample of Swedish 4 to 5-year-old children ( = 247). We first performed an exploratory factor analysis including the wide range of examined abilities, and found that measures of abilities typically viewed as SEC, did not group with measures of preliteracy skills and abilities typically considered as EFs. Second, we performed confirmatory factor analyses on remaining relevant indicators of cognitive abilities, which indicated a two-factor model best fit the data, with one factor involving inhibitory control and one factor involving more complex and high-demanding skills (working memory, cognitive flexibility, and preliteracy skills). Results indicated that more complex EFs and preliteracy skills were closely linked, and can be differentiated from inhibitory control, already in the preschool years. Findings also point to the importance of including a broad range of cognitive abilities (e.g., pre-literacy skills) in order to gain a nuanced description of possible interrelations between cognitive and social emotional development. Furthermore, this study contributes to the theoretical discussion on EF structure during childhood, and provides a sound empirical rationale for the further development of early interventions that consider young children's executive functions and preliteracy skills.

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Article Details

Title:
Cognitive abilities in a sample of young Swedish children.

Author(s):
Clausén Gull I; Stålnacke J; Eninger L; Ferrer-Wreder L; Eichas K

Summary:
This study looked at how young kids' thinking skills, early reading skills, and feelings skills are connected. They found that some thinking skills like remembering things and being flexible are linked to early reading but different from skills like self-control. This helps us understand how to create better programs to help kids learn and grow.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39691667 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

To explore the association between parental involvement and children's positive mental character, and examine the moderating effect of the relationship between teachers and parents.

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Article Details

Title:
Relationship between parental involvement and children's positive mental character during early years: the moderating role of parent-teacher relationship and teacher-parent relationship.

Author(s):
Cai L; Huang P; Guo Y

Summary:
The study looks at how involved parents are in their children's lives and how this helps kids feel happier and more positive. It also checks if the connection between teachers and parents makes a difference in this effect.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39691666 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study explores the nuanced relationship between teachers' teaching strategies and students' learning engagement within online environments, considering the mediation by students' perceptions of teachers' emotional engagement and the moderation by teachers' expectations.

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Article Details

Title:
Effect of teachers' teaching strategies on students' learning engagement: moderated mediation model.

Author(s):
Zhang H; Yang J; Liu Z

Summary:
This study looks at how teachers' ways of teaching affect how students get involved in online classes. It also considers how students feel about their teachers' emotions and what teachers expect from their students.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39691665 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This conceptual analysis focuses on opportunities to advance research and current hypotheses of perceptual development by examining what is presently known and unknown about perceptual specialization in a Multiracial context during the first year of life. The impact of being raised in a Multiracial family or community is discussed to further characterize the development of perceptual expertise for faces and languages. Historical and present-day challenges faced by researchers in defining what race is, identifying Multiracial individuals or contexts, and how to study perceptual and cognitive processes in this population are discussed. We propose to leverage current data from developmental Multilingual populations as a guide for future research questions and hypotheses characterizing perceptual specialization based on face race for Multiracial/Multiethnic individuals and contexts. Variability of input and the pattern of specialization are two factors identified from the developmental Multilingual literature that are likely useful for studying Multiracial contexts and development. Several methodological considerations are proposed in hopes of facilitating research questions and practices that are reflective of and informed by the diversity of experiences and social complexities within Multiracial populations.

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Article Details

Title:
Toward characterization of perceptual specialization for faces in Multiracial contexts.

Author(s):
Pickron CB; Kutlu E

Summary:
The study looks at how babies learn to recognize faces and languages, especially if they grow up in families or places with many races. It talks about how hard it is for researchers to study this and suggests using research from multilingual communities to learn more. The study wants to help future research understand how babies develop these skills in mixed-race environments.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39691664 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

There is still potential room for improving the effectiveness of standard Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in preventing the onset of depression, achieving full remission, and preventing relapse or recurrence of depression. Standard CBT seems less effective in reducing depressive rumination, a key risk factor leading to the onset and persistence of depression. To improve treatment efficacy for depression, rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (RFCBT) was developed, which was modified from CBT and specifically targeted to manage rumination. This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of RFCBT by evaluating whether RFCBT could contribute to reducing depressive symptoms pre-post intervention. A literature search was conducted up to April 30, 2024, across four English-language databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase. The search terms employed were: (depress* OR mood OR affect OR rumination) AND ("Rumination Focused Cognitive behavio* Therapy" OR RFCBT). Among the initial 328 studies identified, 12 met the inclusion criteria, of which 10 were randomized controlled trials. Intervention characteristics and results were narratively synthesized to address the review aims. This review found preliminary evidence that the RFCBT could eliminate depressive symptoms post-intervention, and might prevent individuals from developing depression, alleviate depressive symptoms, and prevent relapse of depression, as well as reduce rumination. RFCBT could be promoted to treat depressive symptoms, especially for those with a high tendency toward rumination. However, more studies with rigorous designs are required to confirm its efficacy across different stages of depression. Future studies could compare RFCBT with other psychotherapies, dismantle the psychological therapies to identify their effective components, and explore which specific groups of people might benefit most from this intervention.

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Article Details

Title:
A systematic review of the effects of rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing depressive symptoms.

Author(s):
Li Y; Tang C

Summary:
Researchers are looking at a new kind of therapy called rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (RFCBT) to help people with depression. This therapy aims to stop people from thinking too much about bad things, which can make them feel worse. The study found that RFCBT might help people feel better and keep them from getting depressed, but more research is needed.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39691663 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This study presents a systematic literature review of career interventions for high school students, exploring the theoretical framework, intervention modality, evaluation and outcomes of the intervention.

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Article Details

Title:
A systematic review on career interventions for high school students.

Author(s):
Wang D; Li Y; Wang G

Summary:
This study reviews different ways to help high school students with their future jobs. It looks at the ideas behind these programs, how they are done, and what results they achieve.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39691662 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The Test of Basic Auditory Capabilities (TBAC) consists of 19 discrimination and identification tasks selected to study individual differences in audition. In one TBAC study, performance was measured for 340 normal-hearing subjects, but no investigation into possible sex differences was undertaken. That dataset now has been re-analyzed by sex. An effect size for sex difference was calculated for each subtest, and a resampling technique was used to estimate an implied significance for each of those effect sizes. Because almost all the differences observed were small, only the basic outcomes are described here, with more detail provided in Supplementary material. Peripheral physiological measures such as otoacoustic emissions exhibit larger auditory sex differences than do auditory behavioral measures, revealing that those peripheral physiological differences do not propagate simply up the auditory chain.

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Article Details

Title:
Modest sex differences in the test of basic auditory capabilities (TBAC).

Author(s):
McFadden D; Pasanen EG; Kidd GR; Gygi B

Summary:
The study looked at how people hear things differently and tested many people. They found small differences between boys and girls, but these differences were not very big. They also learned that body changes in hearing are larger than how boys and girls act when they hear sounds.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39687566 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Bilinguals often switch between different languages to effectively communicate their ideas. The variation in the increase in reaction times and error rates is termed as the language switch cost. Generally, bilingual language-switching costs demonstrate asymmetry, with a greater cost associated with transitioning from the weaker L2 to the dominant L1 than in the reverse scenario. Recent studies have demonstrated that language switching can be modulated under certain conditions. However, the effect of emotion on language-switching performance is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of emotions on bilingual language switching and how this impact manifests across different time windows.

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Article Details

Title:
Language switching is modulated by emotion priming: evidence from behavioral and event-related potentials study.

Author(s):
Wang Y; Liu X; Liu D; Zhu C

Summary:
Bilingual people often switch languages, which can be harder going from a less-used language to a more-used one. This study looked at how feelings change the ease of switching languages.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39687565 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

There are conflicting proposals about the underlying structure of the theory of mind (ToM) construct. The lack of clarity impedes attempts to understand relationships between ToM and other cognitive abilities. This study investigated the nature of the ToM construct and its relation to cognitive variables by administering a battery of ToM measurements along with measurements of executive function and general vocabulary to 207 (  = 19.26) adult participants. Associations between ToM tasks were statistically significant after controlling for covariates, but, for the most part, very weak in magnitude. The strongest relationship was between the Strange Stories and Higher-Order False Belief measurements. Previous theoretical analysis proposes those instruments are conceptually linked by a perspective taking requirement that entails representing another's mental state. Results from a factor analysis suggested an underlying ToM structure-a factor. The Strange Stories, Higher-Order False Belief, and Frith-Happé Animation tasks loaded onto the factor. Its defining feature is the ascription of mental states to predict and explain protagonists' actions that take place within a narrative structure. It is related more strongly to vocabulary than executive function and it provides grounds for future research on the role of narrative processing in ToM reasoning.

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Article Details

Title:
The theory of mind construct in adulthood: perspective taking in relation to language and executive function.

Author(s):
Montgomery DE; Tompkins V; Feng X

Summary:
The study looked at how people understand others' thoughts and feelings, called Theory of Mind (ToM). It used different tests to see how ToM connects to other skills, like vocabulary. The results showed that understanding stories and imagining others' thoughts were closely linked, and knowing more words was important for this skill.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39687564 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Chinese adolescents are facing tremendous academic pressure and challenges brought about by changes in the social environment, which pose a serious threat to their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This cross-sectional survey uses convenience and snowball sampling to explore the relationship between adolescents' HRQOL and their participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

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Article Details

Title:
The association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and health-related quality of life in Chinese adolescents: the mediating roles of emotional intelligence and perceived stress.

Author(s):
Li Q; Li L; Li C; Wang H

Summary:
Chinese teenagers have a lot of school stress and social changes affecting their health. This study looks at how exercise can help them feel better.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39687563 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Research on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of school-aged children born preterm (< 37 weeks of gestational age) is scarce and there are few studies examining the relationship with medical and family factors. The aims were to analyze HRQoL in a sample of 8-year-old children born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW), to test a proposed theoretical model that examines the relationship with medical and socio-family factors, and to explore the mediation effects of maternal factors between perinatal variables, demographic characteristics and HRQoL. A total of 147 VLBW children and 116 mothers were assessed. The measures included for assessment were self-and parent-reported HRQoL, functional social support, maternal stress, socio-family risk index and neonatal medical risk index. Mediation analysis was applied to investigate mediation effects of the maternal factors. Mean self-and parent-reported KIDSCREEN scores were 55.1 ( 10.1) and 58.2 ( 9.1), respectively, indicating better HRQoL than the normed sample with a mean of 50 ( < 0.001). The total effect of the initial theoretical model was not significant, thus another partial model was validated. Socio-family risk index significantly influenced HRQoL (direct effect), and this relationship was mediated by functional social support and maternal stress (indirect effects). School-aged VLBW children and their parents reported better HRQoL than the mean reference value on KIDSCREEN-10 and -27. Maternal stress and social support had a mediating effect on the children's HRQoL. These results could be used to tailor interventions in these families.

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Article Details

Title:
Health-related quality of life in children born preterm at school age: the mediating role of social support and maternal stress.

Author(s):
Martínez-Shaw ML; Evensen KAI; Melero S; Sánchez-Sandoval Y

Summary:
The study looked at how children born early with very low birth weight and their moms feel about their wellbeing. They found that these kids and their parents say their quality of life is better than average. The research also showed that the support moms get and their stress levels can affect how the kids feel about their wellbeing.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39687562 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The present study aimed to gather evidence on the validity and reliability of the Italian and Hungarian versions of the University Mattering Scale (UM-S). This 10-item scale assesses university students' perceptions of mattering across three dimensions: Awareness, Importance, and Reliance. University students from Italy ( = 210) and Hungary ( = 191) completed a questionnaire that included the adapted UM-S, along with measures of societal mattering, social support, well-being, and academic self-efficacy. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the three-factor structure of the scale in both contexts. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency, providing evidence of its reliability. Consistent with the original version, both the Italian and Hungarian UM-S showed good discriminant and convergent validity, as evidenced by its association with instruments measuring perceived social support and societal mattering. Additionally, the scale showed strong criterion-related and incremental validity; university mattering significantly predicted students' well-being and academic self-efficacy, even after controlling for perceived social support. Furthermore, the scale was partially invariant across countries at the scalar level. A comparison of UM-S scores between the two groups revealed that Hungarian students perceived higher levels of university mattering than their Italian counterparts. In conclusion, the Italian and Hungarian versions of the UM-S are appropriate for use in academic contexts to assess students' sense of being valued by their university. The instrument, having been shown to be both valid and reliable, is suitable for both research and intervention purposes.

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Article Details

Title:
Assessing perception of mattering in a cross-cultural university context: validity and reliability of the Italian and Hungarian versions of the University Mattering Scale (UM-S).

Author(s):
Matera C; Papp ZK; Paradisi M; Pieri C; Catling J; Nerini A

Summary:
Researchers studied an Italian and Hungarian version of a scale to see if students feel valued at university. They found it works well for both countries and can help show how feeling valued relates to well-being and success in school. Hungarian students felt more valued than Italian students.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39687561 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Managers sometimes have a bad reputation as they are often perceived as more manipulative than other employees. This study focuses on the Dark Triad (DT)-comprising psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism-and its connection with managers' "Ability" Emotional Intelligence (AEI). The link between DT (measured through the Dirty Dozen) and managers' AEI (measured through QEPro, an AEI performance test) was examined through a Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). We identified two AEI latent profiles within a heterogeneous population of 231 French managers. Our results show that managers with the FEP (Full Emotional Processing) profile are less Machiavellian (relative to the MEP -Minimal Emotion Processing- profile). Our results show that identifying AEI profiles may be a practical way to prevent toxic Management.

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Article Details

Title:
Emotional intelligence and the dark triad: a latent profile analysis to investigate the Jekyll and Hyde of the emotionally intelligent manager.

Author(s):
Haag C; Poirier C; Bellinghausen L

Summary:
This study looked at how certain personality traits, called the Dark Triad, relate to emotional intelligence in managers. Researchers found that managers who are good at understanding emotions are less manipulative than those who aren't as skilled. Identifying these emotional intelligence profiles could help stop harmful management styles.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39687560 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The professional identity of scientists has historically been cultivated to value research over teaching, which can undermine initiatives that aim to reform science education. Course-Based Research Experiences (CRE) and the inclusive Research and Education Communities (iREC) are two successful and impactful reform efforts that integrate research and teaching. The aim of this study is to explicate the professional identity of instructors who implement a CRE within an established iREC and to explore how this identity contributes to the success of these programs. 97 CRE instructors from the Science Education Alliance (SEA) iREC participated in a 2-year, multi-stage, qualitative research project that involved weekly reflective journaling, autoethnographic description, small group evaluation and writing, and large-scale community checking. The resulting description of professional identity consisted of shared (inclusivity, student success, community membership, ownership/agency, science, overcoming failure, and persistence), specified (mentor, advocate, scientist, educator, motivator, collaborator, community builder, learner, evaluator and project manager) and a stated (dedicated, resilient, pride in students, multiskilled, valued, community member, responsible and overworked). Analysis of individual reflective diary entries revealed how a professional identity underpinned and facilitated the ways in which faculty addressed challenges that arose and worked towards the success of every student. It is the self-concept of the professional identity of the instructor in the context of the CRE classroom that directed the extended commitment and effort that these instructors evidently put into their work with students, which facilitated student engagement, student persistence, and their collective scientific output. The study concludes that a professional identity of STEM faculty in the context of a CRE and iREC combines being a researcher and educator, and that this integrated identity is central for current initiatives aimed at transforming undergraduate STEM education.

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Article Details

Title:
The Professional Identity of STEM Faculty as Instructors of Course-based Research Experiences.

Author(s):
Hanauer D; Alvey R; An P; Bancroft C; Butela K; Clase K; Coleman S; Collins DP; Conant S; Connerly P; Connors B; Dennis M; Doyle E; Edwards D; Fillman C; Findley A; Frost V; Gainey M; Golebiewska U; Guild N; Gusky S; Johnson A; Johnson K; Klyczek K; Lee-Soety J; Lindberg H; Mastropaolo M; Merkle J; Mitchell J; Molloy S; Nieto-Fernandez F; Nissen J; Perez Morales T; Peters N; Pfeifer S; Pollenz R; Preuss M; Rosas-Acosta G; Saha M; Sprenkle A; Sunnen CN; Tobiason D; Tolsma S; Ware V; Ahumada-Santos YP; Alvarez R; Anderson J; Ayuk M; Báez-Flores ME; Bailey D; Baliraine F; Behr E; Beyer A; Bhalla S; Bono L; Breakwell D; Byrum C; Duffy I; Gleich A; Harrison M; Ho R; Hughes L; Kagey J; Kohl K; McClory S; Moyer A; Alejandra Mussi M; Nance H; Nsa I; Page S; Parra-Unda JR; Rocheleau J; Swerdlow S; Thoemke K; Valentine M; Vega Q; Ward C; Williams D; Wisner E; Biederman W; Cresawn S; Graham M; Hatfull G; Heller D; Jacobs-Sera D; Monti D; Ramakrishna P; Russell D; Sivanathan V

Summary:
Scientists often focus more on research than teaching, which can make it hard to change science education. The study looked at how instructors balance teaching and research in programs that combine both, and found that having a strong identity as both a teacher and a researcher helps make these programs successful. These programs help students stay engaged and succeed in science.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39686967 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Over the last two decades, there have been numerous initiatives to improve undergraduate student outcomes in STEM. One model for scalable reform is the inclusive Research Education Community (iREC). In an iREC, STEM faculty from colleges and universities across the nation are supported to adopt and sustainably implement course-based research - a form of science pedagogy that enhances student learning and persistence in science. In this study, we used pathway modelling to develop a qualitative description that explicates the HHMI Science Education Alliance (SEA) iREC as a model for facilitating the successful adoption and continued advancement of new curricular content and pedagogy. In particular, outcomes that faculty realize through their participation in the SEA iREC were identified, organized by time, and functionally linked. The resulting pathway model was then revised and refined based on several rounds of feedback from over 100 faculty members in the SEA iREC who participated in the study. Our results show that in an iREC, STEM faculty organized as a long-standing community of practice leverage one another, outside expertise, and data to adopt, implement, and iteratively advance their pedagogy. The opportunity to collaborate in this manner and, additionally, to be recognized for pedagogical contributions sustainably engages STEM faculty in the advancement of their pedagogy. Here, we present a detailed pathway model of SEA that, together with underpinning features of an iREC identified in this study, offers a framework to facilitate transformations in undergraduate science education.

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Article Details

Title:
An inclusive Research Education Community (iREC) Model to Facilitate Undergraduate Science Education Reform.

Author(s):
Monti DL; Gill JC; Adair TL; Adams SD; Ahumada-Santos YP; Amaya I; Anders KR; Anderson JR; Antunes MS; Ayuk MA; Baliraine FN; Bates TC; Beyer AR; Bhalla SS; Bouklas T; Bullock SK; Butela KA; Byrum CA; Caruso SM; Chong RA; Chung HM; Conant SB; Condon BM; Crump KE; D'Elia T; Dennis MK; DeVeaux LC; Diacovich L; Diaz A; Duffy I; Edwards DC; Fallest-Strobl PC; Findley AM; Fisher MR; Fogarty MP; Frost VJ; Gainey MD; Galle CS; Gibb B; Golebiewska UP; Gramajo HC; Grinath AS; Guerrero JA; Guild NA; Gunn KE; Gurney SM; Hughes LE; Jayachandran P; Johnson KC; Johnson AA; Kanak AE; Kanther ML; King RA; Kohl KP; Lee-Soety JY; Lewis LO; Lindberg HM; Madden JA; Martin BJ; Mastropaolo MD; McClory SP; Merkhofer EC; Merkle JA; Mitchell JC; Mussi MA; Nieto-Fernandez FE; Nissen JC; Nsa IY; O'Donnell MG; Overath RD; Page ST; Panagakis A; Parra Unda JR; Pass MB; Morales TGP; Peters NT; Plymale R; Pollenz RS; Reyna NS; Rinehart CA; Rocheleau JM; Rombold JS; Rossier O; Rudner AD; Rueschhoff EE; Shaffer CD; Smith MAV; Sprenkle AB; Sunnen CN; Thomas MA; Tigges MM; Tobiason DM; Tolsma SS; Garcia JT; Uetz P; Vazquez E; Ward CM; Ware VC; Washington JM; Waterman MJ; Westholm DE; Wheaton KA; White SJ; Williams BC; Williams DC; Wisner EM; Biederman WH; Cresawn SG; Heller DM; Jacobs-Sera D; Russell DA; Hatfull GF; Asai DJ; Hanauer DI; Graham MJ; Sivanathan V

Summary:
There is a group called iREC that helps college teachers make science classes better for students. The teachers work together and learn from each other to teach science in interesting ways. This helps students do better in their science classes.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39686966 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

The CABANA project (Capacity Building for Bioinformatics in Latin America) was funded by the UK's Global Challenges Research Fund in 2017 with the aim to strengthen the bioinformatics capacity and extend its applications in Latin America focused on three challenge areas - communicable diseases, sustainable food production and protection of biodiversity. For 5 years, the project executed activities including data analysis workshops, train-the-trainer workshops, secondments, eLearning development, knowledge exchange meetings, and research projects in 10 countries. The project was successful in accomplishing all its goals with a major impact on the region. It became a model by which the research needs determined the training that was delivered. Multiple publications and over 800 trainees are part of the legacy of the project.

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Article Details

Title:
The CABANA model 2017-2022: research and training synergy to facilitate bioinformatics applications in Latin America.

Author(s):
Campos-Sánchez R; Willis I; Gopalasingam P; López-Juárez D; Cristancho M; Brooksbank C

Summary:
The CABANA project helped people in Latin America learn more about bioinformatics to solve problems like diseases, food production, and protecting nature. They did this through workshops, training, meetings, and projects in 10 different countries. Many people learned new skills, and the project was a big success.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39686965 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

In psychotherapy, verbal communication is central to the therapeutic process. However, when patients remain silent, it can serve various functions, such as reflecting more deeply or hesitating to elaborate on a topic. This article uses conversation analysis to examine a specific context in which silence occurs: After a patient has concluded his/her narrative, both the therapist and the patient resist the turn allocation by the respective other, resulting in mutual silence. The results indicate that both therapists and patients collaboratively generate this silence. Therapists typically end the silence with an intervention, addressing an aspect of the topic and treating the pause as intra-topic silence. The study is based on approximately 29 h of video recordings of German-speaking outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy sessions. This research highlights the importance of therapists recognizing the different forms of silence that may emerge during psychotherapy.

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Article Details

Title:
Silence after narratives by patients in psychodynamic psychotherapy: a conversation analytic study.

Author(s):
Fenner C

Summary:
In therapy, talking is important, but sometimes silence happens because people are thinking or unsure about talking more. This study looks at what happens when both the therapist and patient stay quiet after a story is finished. It shows that therapists and patients work together to create this silence, and therapists usually break it by talking about the topic again.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39679161 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Together, ecological psychology and enactivism can explain imagination as being driven by affordance competition. This paper presents synaptic plasticity as a hotspot for the respective historicity. First, (i) affordances are introduced as directly perceptible on the ecological view, and as co-created by an individual on the enactive view. After pointing out their compatibility, (ii) empirical underpinnings of the historicity of affordance competition are summarized and followed by a non-representational interpretation thereof. They are used to explain: (iii) What affords imagining? After discussing both van Dijk and Rietveld's in 2020 non-representational answer and McClelland's in 2020 representational one, I propose a more general explanation: a stand-off between competing affordances can be resolved by imagination, driven by affordance competition. Arguably, (iv) the sensorimotor traces of previous interactions (e.g., strengthened synapses) can be repurposed as representations - grounding even representational explanations in an ecologized enactive framework.

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Article Details

Title:
Imagination, ecologized and enacted: driven by the historicity of affordance competition.

Author(s):
Stankozi C

Summary:
The paper talks about how imagination can be explained by understanding how we see and interact with the world around us. It explains that imagination happens when different possibilities compete with each other, and our past experiences help us decide what to imagine. This is like using old memories to help solve new problems.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39679160 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the impact of Tai Chi on emotional well-being and quality of life in elderly individuals with depression.

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Article Details

Title:
The effect of Tai Chi on elderly depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Author(s):
Zhu F; Wang Y; Yin S; Liu J; Zhong Y; Li L

Summary:
The study looks at how doing Tai Chi can help older people who feel sad and want to feel better and enjoy life more.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39679159 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Relational aggression, as a distinct form of aggressive behavior in social relationships, is associated with various physiological and psychological disorders. Although previous research has provided theoretical support for the connection between the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and relational aggression, the mediating factors between the two still require in-depth exploration. This study employed a cross-sectional research method to examine the mediating roles of relative deprivation and hostile attribution bias between the Dark Triad and relational aggression.

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Article Details

Title:
Dark Triad and relational aggression: the mediating role of relative deprivation and hostile attribution bias.

Author(s):
Jiang Y; Tong L; Cao W; Wang H

Summary:
This study looked at how certain personality traits, called the Dark Triad, might lead to being mean to others in relationships. It found that feeling unfairly treated and thinking others are out to get you might explain why people with these traits act aggressively.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39679158 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

Group metacognition is essential for effective collaboration. However, existing research mainly focuses on individual metacognition in collaborative learning, and some studies focused on interpersonal metacognition. The understanding of group metacognition is limited. Less attention has been paid to how multilevel metacognition, including individual metacognition, interpersonal metacognition, and group metacognition, functions. There is also less research on whether group metacognition influences collaborative learning through other levels of metacognition. To investigate the emergence of multilevel metacognition among learners with varying achievement and its effects on group performance and regulation patterns, this study employed both traditional and process analyses to examine how the distribution and interactions of multilevel metacognition influence group performance and group regulation. The study revealed that in collaborative learning, group metacognition exerts the most significant influence on group performance compared to other metacognitive levels, such as individual metacognition and interpersonal metacognition. Specifically, the study identified three collaborative achievement categories by judging the degree of collaborative benefit based on individual preparation and group performance: H_T category, EF category and L_T category. The H_T and EF categories performed better and developed more group metacognition, while the L_T category exhibited poorer performance and less group metacognition. The study highlights the role of other levels of metacognition in forming group metacognition, with multilevel metacognitive interactions elucidating the mechanisms of group metacognition. These insights provide practical insights for multilevel metacognition and offers guidance for collaborative learning interventions, particularly those targeting group metacognition.

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Article Details

Title:
Effects of multilevel metacognition on group performance and regulation in collaborative learning.

Author(s):
Qiao L; Zhao W; Liu F; Xu X; Tao J

Summary:
The study looks at how thinking about thinking, called metacognition, affects how well groups work together to learn. It found that when people in a group think together about their learning, they do better than if they just think on their own. The researchers also figured out different categories based on how well groups used this kind of thinking and did in their tasks.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39679157 Indexed on February 9th, 2025

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Abstract

To analyze the anxiety levels and sleep quality of elite soccer athletes in training pre-pandemic and during the lockdown caused by COVID-19.

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Article Details

Title:
Did social isolation affect anxiety and sleep quality of elite soccer players during the COVID-19 lockdown? Comparisons to training before distancing in the pandemic and outlook for mental health.

Author(s):
da Cruz WM; Coimbra DR; Vilarino GT; Dos Santos AMC; da Silva VF; Mancone S; Falese L; Diotaiuti P; Andrade A

Summary:
The study looks at how worried and how well soccer players were sleeping before the pandemic when they were training and during the lockdown from COVID-19.

Meta:
pubmed id: 39679156 Indexed on February 9th, 2025